Digestion review

Question 1

Where does digestion begin

Answer 1

In the oral cavity

Question 2

What structure controls the movement of food from your esophagus to stomach

Answer 2

the cardiac sphincter

Question 3

How does digestion occur in the stomach

Answer 3

• stomach turns the bolus
• upper part (fundus) produces inactive enzymes (pepsinogen)
• lower part (pylorus) parietal cells secretes HCL which turns pepsinogen into pepsin
• pepsin breaks down proteins

Question 4

Explain why only a few substances are broken down in the stomach

Answer 4

because digestion is incomplete and the stomach doesn’t need to absorb nutrients

Question 5

What structure separates the stomach from the small intestine

Answer 5

the pyloric sphincter

Question 6

3 parts of the small intestine and its function

Answer 6

duodenum- site of majority of digestion
jejunum- area of mixing and further digestion
ileum- site of majority of absorbtion

Question 7

Function of villi

Answer 7

Finger like projections in the inside of the small intestine that increase the surface area for better absorbtion

Question 8

What does bile do

Answer 8

mechanically digests fats through emulsification

Question 9

function of the liver

Answer 9

Produces bile and sends it to the gal bladder

Question 10

Gal bladder

Answer 10

stores bile and sends it to the duodenum

Question 11

How are fats digested in the small intestine and then where do they go

Answer 11

digested by pancreatic lipase and in the duodenum.

then they are absorbed by villi that’s located in the small intestine

Question 12

How are nucleic acids digested and absorbed

Answer 12

digested by enzymes

absorbed through the canal wall

Question 13

function of gastrin

Answer 13

produced by the stomach and tells parietal cells, chief cells to produce HCL and Pepsinogen

Question 14

function of secretin

Answer 14

regulates the pH in the duodenum by inhibiting secretion of gastric acid and stimulating the production of bicarbonate

Question 15

function of cholecystokinin

Answer 15

facilitates digestion w the small intestine

Question 16

Role of the large intestine

Answer 16

doesn’t digest but absorbs water, inorganic salts, minerals and vitamins

Question 17

what is an ulcer

Answer 17

preforations in the lining of the body, caused by acid

Question 18

inflammatory bowel disease

Answer 18

diseases that cause inflammation of the intestines

Question 19

What are gallstones

Answer 19

Hardened deposits of digestive fluid from the gallbladder

Question 20

How does the removal of the gall bladder affect digestion

Answer 20

bile is less concentrated and drains into the intestines. Difficulty digesting fat

Question 21

Hepatitis

Answer 21

disease caused by the inflammation of the liver

Question 22

cirrhosis

Answer 22

chronic disease of the liver, result of alcohol and hepatitis

Question 23

pancreatitis

Answer 23

pancreas that’s inflamed, you can get ur pancreas removed