Pelvic Contents

Question 1

What are the two pouches called in the peritoneum of females

Answer 1

1. Vesicouterine

2. Rectouterine

Question 2

What is the pouch called in the male peritoneum

Answer 2

Vesicorectal (lots of variation in the size)

Question 3

Describe the peritoneum of the bladder

Answer 3

It is infraperitoneal; it is stuck against the pubic bones

Question 4

What is the apex of the bladder and where is it located

Answer 4

The urachus is a small piece of fibrous tissue at the top of the bladder, posterior to the pubic symphysis

Question 5

What is the bladder composed of

Answer 5

Transitional epithelium and rugae

Question 6

What does the transitional epithelium function as

Answer 6

Protects the bladder tissue from any toxic waste within the urine

Question 7

What is the trigone of the bladder

Answer 7

The triangular base of the bladder; it is an internal area of smooth mucous membrane

Question 8

What enters and exits at the trigone of the bladder

Answer 8

The ureters enter the bladder, and the urethra exits

Question 9

What is the muscular coat of smooth muscle around the bladder called

Answer 9

Detrusor muscle

Question 10

What skeletal muscle allows us to control the passing of urine

Answer 10

Sphincter urethrae

Question 11

What ligament holds the neck of the bladder in place

Answer 11

Males = puboprostatic
Females = pubovesical

Question 12

Describe the vasculature of the bladder

Answer 12

Males = Superior vesical artery (x2) and inferior vesical artery (x1)
Females = Superior vesical artery (x2) and vaginal artery (x1)

Question 13

What main artery does blood for the bladder originate from

Answer 13

Internal iliac artery

Question 14

What plexus is formed that drains the bladder

Answer 14

Vesical venous plexus

Question 15

Where does the bladder receive its innervation form

Answer 15

ANS inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 16

Where does most of the lymph from the bladder region drain to

Answer 16

Internal iliac nodes

Question 17

What secondary nodes does lymph from the bladder region drain to

Answer 17

1. Lumbar nodes
2. Common iliac nodes
3. External iliac nodes
4. Deep inguinal nodes
5. Sacral nodes

Question 18

Where does the rectum run from, and to

Answer 18

The 3rd sacral vertebrae, to the tip of the coccyx

Question 19

Describe the peritoneum of the rectum

Answer 19

Upper 1/3 = covered by visceral peritoneum
Middle 1/3 = peritoneum on the anterior surface
Lower 1/3 = infraperitoneal

Question 20

What does the rectum change to after it hits the pelvic floor

Answer 20

The anal canal

Question 21

Are the sphincters of the rectum voluntary or involuntary

Answer 21

Internal = involuntary
External = voluntary

Question 22

What is the function of the levator ani muscle

Answer 22

Described as puborectalis, its job is to bend the base of the rectum preventing feces from moving down the rectum

Question 23

What are the 3 main arteries that supply the rectum (and where do they originate from)

Answer 23

1. Superior rectal artery (inferior mesenteric)
2. Middle rectal artery (internal iliac)
3. Inferior rectal artery (internal pudendal)

Question 24

What are the 3 main veins that drain the rectum (and where do they drain to)

Answer 24

1. Superior rectal vein (portal)
2. Middle rectal vein (internal iliac)
3. Inferior rectal vein (internal pudendal)

Question 25

What nodes does lymph from the rectum drain to

Answer 25

Para-rectal nodes to the inferior mesenteric and internal iliac

Question 26

Where does the rectum receive its innervation from

Answer 26

Inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 27

Name the 3 different sections of the broad ligament

Answer 27

1. Mesometrium (uterus)
2. Mesovarium (ovaries)
3. Mesosalpinx (uterine tube)

Question 28

Name the 3 different areas of the uterus

Answer 28

1. Fundus (top)
2. Body
3. Cervix

Question 29

What does the cervix open up into

Answer 29

The vaginal canal

Question 30

Name the ends of the uterine tubes that open into the ovaries

Answer 30

Fimbrae

Question 31

Where does the ovarian artery originate from and what does it supply

Answer 31

Direct branch from the abdominal aorta; supplies the uterine tubes, ovaries and the fundus of the uterus

Question 32

Where does the uterine artery originate from and what does it supply

Answer 32

Internal iliac artery; supplies the body and cervix of the uterus

Question 33

What is the area called where the cervix meets the vaginal canal

Answer 33

Fornix

Question 34

What is the swelling of the uterine tube just after the fimbrae

Answer 34

Infundibulum

Question 35

Where does fertilisation normally occur

Answer 35

Ampulla of the uterine tube

Question 36

What is the area called where the uterine tube enters the uterus

Answer 36

Isthmus

Question 37

What does the broad ligament carry

Answer 37

Vessels, nerves and lymphatics to the uterus

Question 38

What does the round ligament create

Answer 38

A potential lymphatic pathway

Question 39

Name 3 of the supporting ligaments that attach to the cervix

Answer 39

1. Transverse cervical
2. Uterosacral
3. Pubocervical

Question 40

Where do the ovaries receive their innervation from

Answer 40

The aortic plexus

Question 41

What is the function of the ovaries

Answer 41

Ova and hormone production

Question 42

What is the ligament of the ovary

Answer 42

A small fold of the connective tissue (of the broad ligament)