Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LLCU 213 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the backbone and the lifeblood of OC’s?

A

backbone - violence

lifeblood - power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

James Gang verses Luciano’s organization?

A

James Gang dealt with conventional crime. thus, relying on violence, it ended with its leaders death (Jesse James)

Luciano was organized crime, and still exists today

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is perpetuity? What ismo its significance?

A

A perpetuity is an annuity that has no end, or a stream of cash payments that continues forever. Conventional crime has an end, such as robbing a bank once. Organized crime has no end, it perpetuates into existence with no one goal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

who was Vito Rizzuto? Who was Joe Di Maulo?

A

vito - jack of all trades
Di Maulo - peace maker

Both killed at their homes while their wives were present –> forbidden in mafia tradition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who was Joseph Lambardo (the clown) / Judge Joey ?

A

Judge Joey was a mobster who

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

t or f, criminals a part of a recognizable OCS have negotiating power and benefit from a bad reputation.

A

true, without a name, gangs would be perceived as just a group of hooligans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what 4 aspects do all OCS have in common?

A

a name
a code
a ritual
a myth (on foundation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

t or f, myths that are believed in, tend to become real

A

true - George Orwell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

organized crime is a continuing criminal enterprise that rationally works to profit in illicit activities that are often in public demand. Continued existence is maintained through force, threat, product monopoly, and corruption

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is organized crimes 3 main characteristics?

A
  1. continuing organization participating in illicit activities that use threats and force
  2. hierarchy whose purpose is to provide illicit services
  3. assurance of protection and immunity via corruption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

OCS can either provide an illegal good or service (i.e. gambling, narcotics, etc). or they can infiltrate a legitimate business through coercive measures.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the two main goals of OCS?

A

money and power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The 8 characteristics of OCS’s are?

P-H-M-P-P-V-M-R

A
  1. no political goals –> just want money and power
  2. Hierarchy –> not just leaders and followers but a vertical structure
  3. Membership –> membership is limited making it exclusive to be a part of.
  4. Parallel culture –> a way of life
  5. Perpetuation –> persists through time
  6. Violence –> willing to take part in it
  7. Monopoly –> eschews competition and tries to acquire hegemony over a geographical area
  8. Rules –> must obey regulations of the group
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

UN definition of OCS: a group of 3 or more persons who take part in serious criminal offences for financial or other gain who have some organizational structure and exist for some period of time before and after any one major offence.

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is classical criminology?

A

rational choice –> persons have the choice to either break the law or follow it. Punishments are set in place to deter people from breaking the law (deterrence). must outweigh the pleasure of breaking the law with the pain of the punishment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

t or f, choice theory (classical theory) puts the blame entirely on the individual and not on society as a whole.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the biosocial theory of crime?

A

views criminal behaviour as a result of a defect in the person. this splits the criminal from the law-abiding citizen. This may be genetic or environmental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what effect does punishment have on biosocial theory?

A

since the person has a defect, they will not be deterred. punishment serves to protect the rest of society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

explain social learning theory of crime? What is differential association theory?

A

this explains the transmission of criminology. differential association theory focuses on ones associates and what one learns from them. i.e. social learning of peers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

explain social bonding and control theories

A

these are un-traditional theories b/c they explain why someone conforms to the laws of society and not why one breaks them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

labelling and shaming theory?

A

by placing labels on individuals in society that may be deemed as a stigma, individuals may conform to those labels and thus become criminals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how can deviance be split up??

A
  1. primary deviance is the commission of a criminal act prior to being caught
  2. secondary deviance is a criminal act performed due to the labels placed on that person by society
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the looking-glass-self?

A

this is a concept of trying to perceive yourself the way that society likely perceives you.

our self-concepts are reflections of other peoples conceptions of us.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is social disorganization theory?

A

this is a macro concept that focuses on location. i.e. where you live plays a large role on whether you will partake in illicit activity.

25
Q

anomie and strain theory?

A

anomie explains that a situation in which there is a lack of legitimate means to obtain legitimate societal goals and thus, people turn to deviance to acquire those goals. In anomie societies, there is a lack of proper norms and thus disorganization

26
Q

conflict theory?

A

conflict theory explains that those with power / wealth may out compete those without power. it views everything as a competition over resources. I.e. society is an arena of inequality that generates social conflicts.

27
Q

explain Marxist theory?

A

Marxist theory explains that capitalism is the reason behind delinquency. The marxist believes that elite commit crimes to ensure the poor stay poor and the poor commit crimes to out-lash at the elite.

28
Q

Radical / critical theories?

A

similar to Marxist beliefs, radical theory believes delinquency is defined by those with power. the law is then used to keep the powerless under control – critical criminology.
thus this theory tries to empower the powerless

29
Q

Feminist theory?

A

belief that the patriarchal system is the root of crime in society. patriarchy creates dominant and subordinate groups.

30
Q

true or false, as woman acquire more power and equality, it is likely that female crime rates will rise

A

true

31
Q

who was Robert K Merton?

A

he was a sociologist of science. he addresses the debate of nature vs nurture –> he believes external influence is the main factor for why one may commit a crime. this is similar to anomie in which it explains why criminals may act they way that they do.

32
Q

define anomie

A

anomie explains a strain between societal expectation to achieve success and limited opportunity in society to actually be successful.

33
Q

what occurs when legal means to achieve sustainability fail?

A

people turn to organized crime - i.e. anomie

34
Q

If an indigenous person is born into a poor background, they are immediately set back and disadvantaged which encourages anomie . they may turn to tobacco smuggling as a deviant form of affluence

A

yes

35
Q

Coupled with the stress of immigration, language barriers also make it very difficult for many youth to successfully transition into Canadian schools.

A

yes - many youth like this turn to youth gangs as this is the easiest means to financial success.

36
Q

Merton believed that cultural goals and a persons motivation to achieve them in a legitimate manner are not always in balance, an imbalance leads to anomie or deviance

A

yes

37
Q

what cardinal american virtue and cardinal american vice co-exist

A

ambition and deviant behaviour

ambition promotes deviance

38
Q

what is differential association theory (DAT)?

A

This theory explains that the people one associates with helps determine if someone will become deviant. This better explains why some people commit crime and some do not when compared to anomie

39
Q

Why is DAT unique in terms of pressure to become deviant?

A

DAT explains why certain people may commit a crime who do not need to commit a crime. For example, business crime in which people are offenders although they are already in a position of power.

DAT explains people are influenced based on their peers

40
Q

who was Edwin Sutherland?

A

the founder of DAT

41
Q

subculture and social disorganization refers to?

A

social, economic, and cultural forces generate patterns of poverty. Different neighbourhoods have different levels of crime due to social disorganization.

42
Q

t or f, crime is a function of neighbourhood dynamics and not necessarily a function of the individuals in the neighbourhood

A

true according to the social disorganization theory

43
Q

what is a subculture?

A

a subculture is a cultural group within a larger culture with members that share a common interest or identity. Subcultures may have differing beliefs when compared to to the greater culture

44
Q

what is differential opportunity?

A

this theory states that illegitimate opportunity for success, like legitimate opportunity for success, is not equally distributed throughout society. social ties explain why some people are more involved in crime than others.

45
Q

explain social control theory.

A

delinquency occurs when an individuals bond with society is weak. this bond is determined by internal and external restraints.

46
Q

Explain the Internal and External restraints in social control theory.

A

External –> what the public may see. Ppl are deterred from committing a crime due to social embarrassment and punishment

Internal –> psychoanalytical super-ego consciousness. Ppl feel guilt

47
Q

Explain situations in which external and internal restraints may be overcome.

A

In a poor neighbourhood, crime may be acceptable and thus public shame does not exist. furthermore, altering ones mind to justify criminal behaviour (ego protect mechanism) may eliminate guilt

48
Q

What is Ethnic succession theory?

A

this simply explains that new immigrants move into older, less expensive neighbourhoods. They may eventually climb the queer ladder of social mobility and leave in which new immigrants will enter the neighbourhood in succession

49
Q

organized crime provides a queer ladder for success. disadvantaged groups may eventually leave organized crime but will be replaced with a new wave.

A

yes - Canada – irish to jew to italian to etc.

50
Q

what is altruism and what is egoism?

A

altruism is acting to benefit others. True altruism implies that the person performing the act does so entirely for others benefit and has no ulterior motive.
egoism is acting to benefit yourself

51
Q

what is altruistic egoism?

A

This is the act of doing something selfless but understanding that performing the act will in eventually benefit oneself as well.

52
Q

what is Alien conspiracy theory?

A

this theory explains that Italian immigrants imported the problem of organized crime from Italy in the 19th and 20th centuries

53
Q

what is the Bureaucracy model of crime?

A

organized crime is a bureaucracy having a pyramid structure, strict hierarchy, clear division of tasks, codes of conduct, etc.

54
Q

Illegal enterprise theory?

A

This explains that organized crime provides an illicit good or service that is governed by the same laws of supply and demand as any legal good or service. the only difference is one is made legal and one is not. Thus organized crime individuals are normal, profit-orientated entrepreneurs who provide illegal assets

55
Q

What is protection theory?

A

Protection theory explains that the mafia is a specific economic enterprise that produces, promotes, and sells private protection and protects property rights and economic transactions, both legal and illegal. Thus, the mafia provides necessary basic services that the state is unable to provide.

56
Q

t or f, protection theory is based on the historical manifestation of mafia control over specific territories and over specific legal economic sectors.

A

true - e.g. the Sicilian mafia taking control of the infrastructure market when there was a weak government in control.

57
Q

what is racketeering?

A

racketeering is the process of having illegal activity in legal markets. often racketeering refers to extortion. q

58
Q

explain social networks and resilience?

A

no one is really irreplaceable. With a high degree of social capital and networking, people may be substituted and allow the organization to move forwards.

59
Q

what is the logistic or situational approach to crime?

A

this focuses less on the actual offender and more on the criminal activity. Rather than looking at offender motivation, we analyze the opportunities and constraints arising in an environment that may lead to crime.

LLCU 213 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions