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CJ's Classes > Mental Status Exam Terminology > Flashcards

Mental Status Exam Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Schedule V Drug Classification

A

Relative low potential for abuse
High acceptance of medical use
Low risk for dependency
Ex.: Robitussin AC, Lyrica (small quantities of compounds from above categories)

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2
Q

Motor Activity

A 
Psychomotor agitation/retardation
Catatonia
Tics
Stereotypy
Tardive Dyskinesia
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3
Q

Speech

A 
Rate
Volume
Amount
Articulation
Rhythm
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4
Q

Dissociation

A

The splitting off clusters of mental contents from conscious awareness. Dissociation is a mechanism central to dissociative disorders. The term is also used to describe the separation of an idea from its emotional significance and affect, as seen in the inappropriate affect in schizophrenia. Often a result of psychic trauma, dissociation may allow the individual to maintain allegiance to two contradictory truths while remaining unconscious of the contradiction. An extreme manifestation of dissociation is dissociative identity disorder, in which a person may exhibit several independent personalities, each unaware of the others

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5
Q

Tolerance

A

When the drug has a diminished effect over time due to repeated exposure

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6
Q

Volume

A

Soft, normal, loud, labile

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7
Q

Drug Classification Schedules

A

Schedule I-V

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8
Q

Flight of ideas thoughts & perception

A

Quickly moving from one idea to another (ex. mania)

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9
Q

Abstraction

A

Similarity of items, interpreting an idiom

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10
Q

Dependency vs Abuse

A

Dependency - physiologically or psychologically dependent, builds tolerance over time, would experience withdrawal symptoms

Abuse: misusing the drug (on a continuum), not using as prescribed

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11
Q

Manner of relating to examiner

A

Guarded, open, cooperative, seductive, angry, attentive

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12
Q

Psychoticism

A

Exhibits a wide range of culturally incongruent odd, eccentric, or unusual behaviors and cognitions, including both processes (e.g., perception, dissociation) and content (e.g., beliefs). Psychoticism is one of the five broad personality trait domains defined in Section III “Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders.”

Can present with stereotypical movements

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13
Q

Euphoric Mood

A

Elevated, elated

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14
Q

Subtypes of delusion

A 
Bizarre
Jealousy
Erotomaniac
Grandiose
Of being controlled
Of reference
Persecutory
Somatic
Thought broadcasting
Thought insertion
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15
Q

Articulation

A

Mumbled, slurred, monotone, impeded

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17
Q

Grandiose delusions

A

Inflated sense of self-worth, power, or wealth

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18
Q

Schedule I Drug Classification

A

High potential for abuse
No accepted medical use
High safety concerns
Ex.: heroin, LSD, Ecstasy (MDMA), marijuana

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19
Q

Attire

A

Type and appropriateness of dress and grooming

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20
Q

Somatic delusions

A

Patient has a physical defect

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21
Q

Off-label

A

Other uses of prescription medication.

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22
Q

Tardive Dyskinesia

A

involuntary movements of the face and jaw; stiff, jerky movements of your face and body that you can’t control.

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23
Q

Emotional lability

A

Instability of emotional experiences and mood; emotions that are easily aroused, intense, and/or out of proportion to events and circumstances. Emotional lability is a facet of the broad personality

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24
Q

Loose associations thoughts & perception

A

Illogical shifting between unrelated topics

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25
Q

Schedule II Drug Classification

A

High potential for abuse
Accepted medical use
High risk for dependency
Ex.: Ampthetamine, Methlphenidate, Morphine, Oxycodone

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26
Q

Alas, Someone Must Always Think About The Examiner’s Cognitive Abilities

A 
Appearance & alertness
Speech
Motor activity
Affect & mood
Thought & perception
Attitude & insight
Threat of harm to self or others
Examiner reaction to patient
Cognitive abilities
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29
Q

Pressured speech

A

Speech that is increased in amount, accelerated, and difficult or impossible to interrupt. Usually it is also loud and emphatic. Frequently the person talks without any social stimulation and may continue to talk even though no one is listening.

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30
Q

Potency

A

Relative amount needed of a substance to achieve the desired effect (how much do you need to the drug to get the desired effect)

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31
Q

Threat of harm

A

Suicidal ideation, plan, or intent
Homicidal ideation, plan, or intent
Thoughts & behavior of non-suicidal self-injury

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32
Q

Side effects

A

Unintended effects

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33
Q

Avolition

A

An inability to initiate and persist in goal-directed activities. When severe enough to be considered pathological, avolition is pervasive and prevents the person from completing many different types of activities (e.g., work, intellectual pursuits, self-care).

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34
Q

Dyskinesia

A

Distortion of voluntary movements with involuntary muscle activity. Usually secondary to psychotropic medication. Usually presents in facial movements.

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35
Q

Schema

A

General conceptual frameworks, or clusters of knowledge, regarding objects, people, and situations; knowledge packages that encode generalizations about the structure of the environment.

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36
Q

Schedule II Drug Classification

A

High potential for abuse
Accepted medical use
High risk for dependency
Ex.: Ampthetamine, Methlphenidate, Morphine, Oxycodone

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37
Q

Judgment

A

Imaginary situations

“stamped, addressed envelope on the street”

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38
Q

Anhedonia

A

Lack of enjoyment from, engagement in, or energy for life’s experiences; deficits in the capacity to feel pleasure and take interest in things. Anhedonia is a facet of the broad personality trait domain Detachment.

39
Q

Stereotyped behaviors/movement

A

Repetitive, abnormally frequent, non-goal-directed movements, seemingly driven, and nonfunctional motor behavior (e.g., hand shaking or waving, body rocking, head banging, self-biting).

40
Q

Magical thinking

A

The erroneous belief that one’s thoughts, words, or actions will cause or prevent a specific outcome in some way that defies commonly understood laws of cause and effect. Magical thinking may be a part of normal child development.

41
Q

Hygiene

A

Well-groomed, malodorous, unkempt, disheveled

42
Q

Attitude

A

Emotional tone displayed toward the examiner

Aggressive
Hostile
Assertive
Accepting
Pessimistic
Optimist
Forthcoming
Passive
Dramatic
44
Q

Orientation

A

Person, place, time, & situation

45
Q

Cataonia

A

A state of psycho-motor immobility and behavioral abnormality

Certain types of excessive motor activity, extreme negativism, or mutism, posturing, or stereotyped movements. Can be excessive or negative motor activity.

47
Q

Discontinuing or tapering

A

Using less and less of the medication in an effort to discontinue the medication

48
Q

Asociality

A

A reduced initiative for interacting with other people

49
Q

Aphasia

A

Deficit of communication due to injury or disease of brain regions.
Can be characterized by disorganized speech (word salad, extreme tangential, non-linear, loose association)

50
Q

Subtypes of hallucinations

A 
Auditory
Gustatory
Olfactory
Somatic
Tactile
Visual
51
Q

Depressed/dysphoric Mood

A

Depressed, irritable, angry

52
Q

Tics

A

Nonrhythmic, discrete, can change in location and type over time, and can wax and want in frequency and severity

53
Q

Depersonalization

A

The experience of feeling detached from, and as if one is an outside observer of, one’s mental processes, body, or actions (e.g., feeling like one is in a dream; a sense of unreality of self, perceptual alterations; emotional and/or physical numbing; temporal distortions; sense of unreality).

54
Q

Language

A

3-step process
Write a sentence
No “ifs, ands, or buts”

55
Q

Black box warnings

A

Serious side effects

56
Q

Abstraction

A

Similarity of items, interpreting an idiom

57
Q

Subtypes of Affect

A 
Flat 
Blunted
Restricted or constricted
Inappropriate
Labile
Full
58
Q

Mood

A

Sustained subjective emotional state

59
Q

Attitude & Insight

A

Attitude: Emotional tone displayed toward the examiner

Insight: Awareness of one’s own situation

60
Q

Alogia

A

An impoverishment in thinking that is inferred from observing speech and language behavior. There may be brief and concrete replies to questions and restriction in the amount of spontaneous speech (termed poverty of speech). Sometimes the speech is adequate in amount but conveys little information because it is over-concrete, over-abstract, repetitive, or stereotyped (termed poverty of content).

61
Q

Overvalued idea

A

An unreasonable and sustained belief that is maintained with less than delusional intensity (i.e., the person can acknowledge the possibility that the belief may not be true). The belief is not one that is ordinarily accepted by other members of the person’s culture or subculture.

Difference between delusion and overvalued idea: doesn’t cause impairment and less rigidly believed. If challenged, they will be able to say that they may be wrong.

Delusion: rigidly held and causing impairment in their daily life.

62
Q

Ideas of reference

A

The feeling that causal incidents and external events have a particular and unusual meaning that is specific to the person. An idea of reference is to be distinguished from a delusion of reference, in which there is a belief that is held with delusional conviction.

63
Q

Affect

A

Emotional expression

A pattern of observable behaviors that is the expression of a subjectively experienced feeling state (emotion) (can be incongruent of emotion).

64
Q

Tangential thoughts & perception

A

Move from thought to thought that relate in some way but never gets to the point

65
Q

Schedule III

A

Moderate potential for abuse
Accepted medical use
Moderate risk for dependency
Ex.: Anabolic stereoids, Tylenol-3 (combos), some barbiturates

66
Q

Appearance and Alertness

A 
Apparent age
Attire
Hygiene
Eye contact
Manner of relating to examiner
67
Q

Dependency vs Abuse

A

Dependency - physiologically or psychologically dependent, builds tolerance over time, would experience withdrawal symptoms

Abuse: misusing the drug (on a continuum), not using as prescribed

68
Q

Types of mood

A 
Dysphoric
Elevated
Euthymic
Expansive
Irritable
Mood-congruent psychotic features
Mood-incongruent psychotic features
69
Q

Circumstantial thoughts & perception

A

Provide unnecessary detail but eventually get to the point

70
Q

Stereotypy

A

Patterned, repetitive, purposeless, involuntary movements that are rhythmic and continual and tend to change little over time

71
Q

Rate

A

Delayed, decreased, normal, rapid pressured (increased), latency

72
Q

Perseveration thoughts & perception

A

Repetition of words, phrases, or ideas

73
Q

Word salad thoughts & perception

A

Randomly spoken words

74
Q

Therapeutic dose/ratio

A

The range of potency effective for the medication to do its prescribed intent.

75
Q

Rhythm of speech

A

Articulation

Prosody

76
Q

Dosing

A

Amount prescribed

77
Q

Congruency

A

Mood-congruent

Mood-incongruent

78
Q

Derealization

A

The experience of feeling detached from, and as if one is an outside observer of, one’s surroundings (e.g., individuals or objects are experienced as unreal, dreamlike, foggy, lifeless, or visually distorted).

79
Q

Conversion symptom

A

A loss of, or alteration in, voluntary motor or sensory functioning, with or without apparent impairment of consciousness. The symptom is not fully explained by a neurological or another medical condition or the direct effects of a substance and is not intentionally produced or feigned.

80
Q

Schedule IV

A

Limited potential for abuse
High acceptance of medical use
Limited risk for dependency
Ex.: Alprazolam, Darvocet, phenobarbital

81
Q

Praxis

A

Following directions

82
Q

Memory

A

Remote (DOB)
Recent (meals)
Immediate (repeat)

83
Q

Insight

A

Awareness of one’s own situation

Poor
Moderate
Fair
Good
Mature
84
Q

Psychomoter Agitation/Retardation

A

Agitation: movements that serve no purpose (hand wringing, pacing around the room, tapping toes, rapid talking)

Retardation: Impairment of connection between mental and muscle functions

85
Q

Apparent age

A

Looks stated age, younger, older

86
Q

Eye contact

A

Appropriate, moderate, minimal, none

87
Q

Toxicity

A

The level of medication at which it will start to cause damage to the user. (Physiological, psychological, high-anxiety, weight gain, etc)

Adverse effects are usually considered toxicity

88
Q

Stability

A

Stable

Labile

88
Q

Half-life

A

Amount of time it takes for 50% of the medication is in your blood stream. It takes four half-lives before you have a steady state (a consistent level of meds in bloodstream)

Shorter half-life, bigger possibility of dependance

88
Q

Withdrawal Syndrome

A

Symptoms someone experiences when discontinues a medication. In general, the symptoms will be the opposite of what the medication does (anxiety –> high anxiety)

CJ's Classes (2 decks)

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