Thrombotic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of clot is found in the arterial vs venous system?

A

Arterial = White clots (platelets & fibrin)

Venous = Red Clots (Fibrin & Red cells)

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2
Q

What causes venous vs arterial thrombi?

A

Arterial - Secondary to Atherosclerosis

Venous - Secondary to Stasis & Hypercoagulability

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3
Q

Risk factors for an arterial thrombosis?

A
  • Age
  • Smoking
  • Sedentary
  • HTN
  • DM
  • Obesity
  • Hypercholesterolaemia
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4
Q

How do we manage an arterial thrombus?

A

Primary prevention with lifestyle modification and treating the risk factors

Acutely: thrombolysis & Anti-platelets or Anti-coags

Secondary prevention

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5
Q

Risk factors for a DVT or PE?

A
Age
Surgery
Tissue Trauma
Immobility
Obesity
Pregnancy
Hormonal Therapy
FH
Systemis disease
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6
Q

What systemic diseases put you at risk of a DVT?

A

Cancers
Myeloproliferative Neoplasm
Autoimmune e.g. IBD, SLE or Anti-phospholipid syndrome

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7
Q

How can we test for a DVT/PE?

A

Pretest probability scoring (Well’s or Geneva scores)
If probability score is low do a D-dimer

Doppler US

V/Q scan & CT Pulm Angiogram

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8
Q

How can we treat a DVT/PE?

A

Anticoagulants e.g. LMWH, Warfarin & DOACs

Thrombolysis only if massive PE

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9
Q

What are the commonest Heritable Thrombophilias?

A

Factor V Leiden

Prothrombin G20210A

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10
Q

What’s the major cause of microvascular Thrombus?

A

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

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11
Q

What makes up microvascular thrombi?

A

Platelets &/or fibrin

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12
Q

What triggers DIC?

A

Septicaemia
Malignancy
Eclampsia

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13
Q

What are the consequences of DIC?

A

Diffuse Tissue ischaemia –> Gangrene & Organ Failure

Consumes platelets/clotting factors –> Bleeding

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