Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

4 Clinical Pharmacology and Intro to Prescribing > 8 Sex Hormones > Flashcards

8 Sex Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major effects of oestradiol, progesterone and testosterone?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the actions and side effects of oestrogen?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the actions and side effects of progesterone?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What effects does testosterone have?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How well is oestrogen absorbed? Where is it metabolised? Where and how is it excreted?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How well is progesterone absorbed? Where is it metabolised? Where and how is it excreted?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the possible adverse effect of the COCP?

A
  • Risk of thromboembolism slightly increased (SMOKING increases this risk substantially)
  • Need to be careful about long term use and consider other risk factors eg obesity/hypertension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

COCP and POP contraceptives are metabolised in the liver.

  • What enzyme are they metabolised by?
  • What drugs can reduce the efficacy of these oral contraceptives and how?
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What effects do soya protein products have on oestrogen absorption?

A

Soya protein products:

  • Enhance oestrogen absorption
  • Reduce its storage in adipose and muscle

Reduce half-life of oestrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why is HRT prescribed?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What routes are there for HRT administration?

A

Transdermal

Oral

Implant

Transvaginal

Nasal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the risks associated with HRT?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Mifepristone (RU486) used to treat? How does it work?

A

Used for: termination of pregnancy

How does it work:

  1. Anti-progesterone
  2. Progesterone (and glucocorticoid) receptor antagonist
  3. Sensitises myometrium to prostaglandin-induced contractions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a SERM? Give 3 examples of SERMs.

A

Selective estrogen receptor modulator

Different varying effect in differing tissues

Examples:

  1. Clomiphene
  2. Tamoxifen
  3. Raloxifene
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is clomiphene used to treat and how does it work?

(Clomiphene= SERM)

A

Used to treat: Anovulation

How it works:

  • Competes with oestrogen for oestrogen receptor binding
  • Ovulation induction- due to increased production of anterior pituitary hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tamoxifen is a pro-drug. What does this mean?

A

Tamoxifen has little affinity for oestrogen receptors

Metabolised in liver- ACTIVE METABOLITES - compete with oestrogen for binding to ER

17
Q

Why is it some women won’t benefit from tamoxifen and some will?

A

Only some women have correct isoform of enzymes in liver to metabolise tamoxifen to get active metabolites

18
Q

What is tamoxifen used to treat? What effects does it have?

A
  • Used for: prevention and treatment of breast cancer
  • Effects: (converse in breast and endometrial tissue)
    • Endometrium- oestrogen receptor agonist
    • Breast- oestrogen receptor antagonist
      • Tamoxifen (active metabolites) bind to oestrogen receptors–> arrest of cell cycle
19
Q

What is the ulipristal acetate pill (ellaOne) used for and how does it work?

A

Selective Progesterone receptor modulator

To treat:

  • Emergency contraception
  • Uterine fibroids

5 Days

20
Q

Name 2 HRT treatments. Why does HRT increase a person’s risk of getting a venous thromboembolism?

A
  1. Estradiol
    1. Oestrogen steroid hormone
  2. Medroxyprogesterone acetate
    1. Synthetic pregetogen

Increase risk of venous thromboembolism: increased thrombin activity

21
Q

Name 2 drugs used as emergency contraception.

A
  1. Levonorgestrel 3 days
    1. Progestogen
  2. Ulipristal acetate 5 days
    1. Progesterone receptor modulator
22
Q

Give an example of an drug containing synthetic derivatives of oestrogen.

Give an example of an drug containing synthetic derivatives of progestogen.

A
23
Q

Why does taking testosterone increase someones risk of developing CVD?

A

In high doses, androgens tend to raise LDL (“bad”) cholesterol levels and lower HDL cholesterol levels

24
Q

What effect do antiepileptic drugs (eg phenytoin) have on the efficacy of the COCP and POP?

A

Phenytoin- increases CYP450 activity- increases metabolism of COCP and POP so reduced efficacy

25
Q

What are the differences between Estradiol and ethinylestradiol?

A

Estradiol= endogenous (natural)

Ethinylestradiol= synthetic

Ethinylestradiol- better bioavailability and less susceptible to metabolism

4 Clinical Pharmacology and Intro to Prescribing (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions