Functions of organelles

Question 1

Whats the function of the Nucleus?

Answer 1

controls the cells activities by controlling the transcription of DNA, which contains the instructions on how to make proteins

Question 2

whats the function of Nucleolus?

Answer 2

Makes ribosomes

Question 3

whats Chromatin?

Answer 3

a substance made from DNA and proteins + the chemical that leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores during protein synthesis

Question 4

what are Nuclear pores and what is their function?

Answer 4

Small openings in the nuclear envelope that allow the chromatin to leave the nucleus and enter the cytoplasm

Question 5

whats the function of the Nuclear envelope?

Answer 5

the double membrane surrounding the nucleus, which separates it from the cytoplasm and the rest of the cell

Question 6

Whats the function of the Plasma Membrane?

Answer 6

separates the cells internal structures from the surrounding area

Question 7

How do substances move in and out of cells? (6)

Answer 7

• Diffusion
• Facilitated diffusion
• Osmosis
• Active transport
• Endocytosis
• Exocytosis

Question 8

What is the main component of the plasma membrane, how does it form and what does the membrane contain?

Answer 8

• Phospholipid bilayer
• Formed by two layers of molecules where the hydrophillic heads face outwards and the hydrophobic tails inwards.
• contains cholesterol, proteins, phospholipids, glycoproteins, glycolipids and protein channels

Question 9

Whats the Mitochondria’s function?

Answer 9

oval shaped and act as the site of aerobic respiration where ATP energy is produces.

Question 10

Whats the mitochondria’s structure?

Answer 10

a double membrane where the inner one is folded to form cristae. inside is the matrix containing enzymes involved in respiration

Question 11

whats the nuclear envelope?

Answer 11

the double membrane surrounding the nucleus

Question 12

whats rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 12

a system of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space. the surface is covered in ribosomes

Question 13

whats smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 13

a system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space with NO ribosomes on the surface

Question 14

whats the function of SER?

Answer 14

synthesis and to process lipids

Question 15

whats the function of RER?

Answer 15

folds and processes proteins that have been made at the ribosomes

Question 16

What are vacuoles and what is their function?

Answer 16

membranous sacs used to store water, nutrients and waste materials of the cell before it gets rid of them

Question 17

What are golgi apparatus?

Answer 17

A group of fluid-filled, membrane-bound, flattened sacs.

Question 18

what is the function of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 18

It processes and packages new lipids and proteins. It also makes lysosomes.

Question 19

what are golgi vesicles?

Answer 19

formed from endoplasmic reticulum and packages complex molecules and either stores of transports them

Question 20

What are lysosomes?

Answer 20

Lysosomes are round organisms with no clear internal structure contain digestive enzymes, and are kept separate from the cytoplasm by their surrounding membranes.

Question 21

whats the function of lysosomes?

Answer 21

They can be used to digest invading cells or to break down worn out components of the cell

Question 22

function of cell walls?

Answer 22

the protective, semi-permeable layer which give structure and strength to the cell whilst allowing the filtered movement of molecules into and out of the cell. The cell wall is made up of cellulose.

Question 23

what is cytoplasm?

Answer 23

Jelly like substance that fills the area between the nucleus and cell membrane

Question 24

whats the function of cytoplasm?

Answer 24

Cellular activities occur

Gives cell support and shape

Question 25

What are ribosomes?

Answer 25

Ribosomes are very small organelle that either float freely in the cytoplasm of a cell or are attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 26

whats the function of ribosomes?

Answer 26

They are made up of proteins and RNA and act as the site for protein synthesis which produces proteins. Ribosomes are not surrounded by membranes.

Question 27

what do Small Ribosomal subunits do?

Answer 27

reads the mRNA

Question 28

what do Large Ribosomal subunit do?

Answer 28

joins amino acids together to form a polypeptide chain

Question 29

what are centrioles?

Answer 29

Centrioles are the small, hollow cylinders made of microtubules. They are found in animal cells but only some plant cells

Question 30

whats the function of centrioles?

Answer 30

They are involved in the separation of chromosomes during mitosis. When the chromatids line up across the spindle in the cell, the centrioles move to either end of the cell and pull them apart

Question 31

what are chloroplasts the site of?

Answer 31

photosynthesis

Question 32

whats the cytoskeleton of a cell?

Answer 32

The cytoskeleton of a cell is the structure which helps maintains the cells shape and internal organisation whilst providing mechanical support that enables cells to carry out essential functions like division and movement. It is made up of a dynamic (changing) network of protein filaments present in all cells.