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Exotics > Ferrets > Flashcards

Ferrets Flashcards

1
Q

List the 6 main DDX for GIT disease in ferrets

A 
Helicobacter mustelae 
Epizootic cattarhal Enteritis
Ferret systemic coronavirus 
Proliferative colitis
IBD
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis
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2
Q

What four bacteria spp cause GIT disease in ferrets

A

Helicobacter mustilae
Salmonella
Campylobacter
Coliforms

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3
Q

What 4 types of parasites often cause GIT disease in ferrets

A

Giardia
Crypto parvum
Coccidiosis
GI nematodes

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4
Q

What Sx does helicobacter mustelae cause in ferrets

A

D+, V+, abdominal pain, chronic Gastritis, duodenitis, melaena, mesenteric lymphadenopathy, Anaemia

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5
Q

What may develop secondary to helicobacter infection in ferrets

A

Ulcers

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6
Q

How is helicobacter infection Dx in ferrets

A

Silver staining of tissue

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7
Q

How can helicobacter be Tx in ferrets

A

Ranitidine, omeprazole for ulcers

AntiB e.g. metronidazole, amoxicillin

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8
Q

What causes epizootic cattarhal Enteritis

A

Coronavirus

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9
Q

What are the Sx of epizootic cattarhal Enteritis in ferrets

A

V+, free mucoid D+, weight loss

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10
Q

What causes ferret systemic Coronavirus disease

A

Coronavirus

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11
Q

Which cat disease is ferret systemic Coronavirus related to

A

FIP

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12
Q

What are signs of ferret systemic Coronavirus

A

D+, weight loss, lethargy, anorexia, HL weakness, splenomegaly, pyrexia, hypergammaglobinaemia

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13
Q

Which form of ferret systemic Coronavirus is most commonly seen

A

Granulomatous / dry form

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14
Q

What causes proliferative colitis in ferrets

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

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15
Q

How is proliferative colitis in ferrets Tx

A

Chloramphenicol for 2-3wks

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16
Q

What are the 3 main oral diseases seen in ferrets

A

Dental disease
Salivary mucocele
Neoplasia

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17
Q

What is the main lice spp of ferrets

A

Sarcoptes scabiei

18
Q

What are the three main mite spp of ferrets

A

Lynxacarus mustelae
Demodex
Otodectes cyanosis

19
Q

Why are female ferrets prone to oestrogen toxicity

A

Reflex ovulators

Undated = exposed to high oestrogen = bone marrow suppression and pancytopenia = aplastic Anaemia

20
Q

When does adrenal gland disease present in ferrets

A

3-4yrs post neutering

21
Q

Which zone of the adrenal gland is affected by adrenal disease in ferrets and what is the pathophysiology

A

Zone reticularis = hyperadrenogism
FSH and LH can’t act on gonads = no -ve feedback
Receptors form on adrenal gland = adrenal Hyperplasia or neoplasia = androgen production

22
Q

What are the main Sx of adrenal disease in ferrets

A

Adrenal Hyperplasia = Adenoma = adenocarcinoma

Bilateral symmetrical alopecia, pruritis, vulval swelling, postateomegaly

23
Q

How can adrenal Disease be Dx in ferrets

A

Serum adrenal panel for oesteodiol etc BUT doesn’t distinguish from ovarian remnant disease

Rx often unremarkable except prostatomegaly

Ultrasound to ID adrenomegaly

24
Q

How is adrenal Disease best Tx in ferrets

A

Exploratory surgery to remove L adrenal gland if affected or de-bulk the R

GnRH analogue - useful in early stages of disease

Melatonin / photoperiod manipulation - ferrets seasonally polyoestrus

25
Q

How can adrenal Disease be Px in ferrets

A

Keep outdoors - seasonally polyoestrus

Alternatives to neutering - deslorelin implant, proligestone Jill jab, vasectomise hob

26
Q

What are the options for Px persistent oestrus in ferrets

A

Jill jab - proligestone, given SC as they come into season in spring

Buserelin (receptal) - induce ovulation

Vasectomise hob

Deslorelin implant every 12-24 months

27
Q

How are Male ferrets managed to prevent adrenal disease

A

Implant with suprelorin

Neuter +/- implant

28
Q

What is the aetiology and signlament of insulinoma in ferrets

A

B cell tumours - Adenoma or adenocarcinoma

Males, 4-6yrs

29
Q

What are the Sx of insulinoma in ferrets

A 
HL weakness or ataxia
Stargazing
Dull
Seizure
May resolve following meal
Collapse
Salivation 
Nausea
30
Q

How is insulinoma Dx in ferrets

A

Persistent hypoglycaemia = blood glucose < 3.4 after 4hrs without food

31
Q

How is insulinoma Tx in ferrets

A

Emergency stabilisation with glucose
Surgical resection
Medical - prednisolone, diazoxide
Dietary - high fat and protein meals, simple sugars

32
Q

What is the most common form of heart disease seen in ferrets

A

DCM

33
Q

Which deficiency is DCM NOT related to in ferrets

A

Taurine

34
Q

What other three CVS diseases other than DCM may be seen in ferrets

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Degenerative valvular Disease

35
Q

What causes influenza in ferrets

A

Orthomyxoviridae - strains of human flu virus A and B infectious to ferrets

36
Q

What are ferrets mostly vaccinated against

A

Canine distemper - used off cascade

37
Q

What causes canine distemper in ferrets

A

Paramyxovirus - morbillivirus

38
Q

What are the main Sx of canine distemper in ferrets

A 
Photosensitivity
Anorexia
Pyrexia
Mucopurulent oculonasal discharge 
Ataxia 
Hyperkeratosis
39
Q

What disease does parvovirus cause in ferrets

A

Aleutian Disease

40
Q

What is Aleutian Disease in ferrets

A

Immune complex Mediated disorder

41
Q

What are the Sx of Aleutian Disease in ferrets

A

Multiple organ failure

Hypergammaglobinaemia

42
Q

What are the top three neoplasia in ferrets

A

Insulinoma
Adrenal gland disease
Lymphoma

Exotics (5 decks)

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