Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

First Aid Micro > Viruses > Flashcards

Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Positive-stranded RNA viruses

A 
I went to a RETRO TOGA party, where I drank FLAVored CORONA and ate HIPPY CALIfornia PICO de giyo.
Retrovirus
Togavirus
Flavivirus
Hepevirus
Calicivirus
Picornnavirus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Naked (nonenveloped) viruses

A

Naked CPR H and PAPP smears (DNA = PAPP, RNA = CPR)
Calicivirus, Picornavirus, Reovirus, Hepevirus
Parvovirus, Adenovirus, Papilloma, Polyoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

General DNA Virus rules

A
  1. HHAPPPPy viruses (Hepadna, Herpes, Adeno, Pox, Parvo, Papilloma, Polyoma)
  2. Double Stranded (except parvo)
  3. Linear (except papilloma, polyoma, hepadna)
  4. Icosahedral (except pox)
  5. Replicated in nucleus (except pox)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Herpesviruses

A

Enveloped, linear dsDNA virus

HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV (HHV-3), EBV (HHV-4), CMV (HHV-5), HHV-6, HHV-7, HHV-8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

HSV-1

A

Respiratory secretions, Saliva
Gingivostomatitis, keratoconjunctivits, temporal lobe encephalitis (sporadic), Herpes labialis.
Latent in trigeminal ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

HSV-2

A

Sexual Contact, pernatal
Herpes genitalis, neonatal herpes.
Latent in sacral ganglia
Tzanck test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

VZV (HHV-3)

A

Respiratory secretions
Varicella-zoster (chicken pox, shingles), encephalitis, pneumonia
Latent in dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

EBV (HHV-4)

A

Respiratory secretions, Saliva
Infectious mononucleosis - fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy (esp posterior cervical nodes) - peak 15-20 yo, + Monospot test - heterophile Abs detected by agglutination of sheep or horse RBCs
Burkitt’s Lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Latent in B cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CMV (HHV-5)

A

Congenital, Transfusion, Sex, Saliva, Urine, Transplant
Mononucleosis (negative monospot), pneumonia, retinitis
Infected cells have Owl’s Eye inclusions
Latent in mononuclear cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

HHV-6

A

Roseola - high fever for several days -> seizures and diffuse macular rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

HHV-8

A

Sexual contact

Kaposi’s sarcoma in HIV patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hepadnavirus

A

Enveloped partial circular dsDNA virus
HBV - acute or chronic hepatitis
Vaccine available with HBV surface antigen
Not a retrovirus but has reverse transcriptase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Adenovirus

A 
Naked linear dsDNA virus
Febrile pharyngitis - sore throat, acute hemorrhagic cystitis
Pneumonia
Conjunctivitis - pink eye
Watery Diarrhea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Parvovirus

A

Naked linear ssDNA (-) Virus (smallest)
B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell dz, “slapped cheeks” rash in children - erythema infectiosum (fifth dz), RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death, pure RB aplasia and rheumatoid arthritis-like symptoms in adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Papillomarvirus

A

Naked circular dsDNA virus
HPV 1,2,6,11 - Warts
HPV 16,18 - CIN, Cervical Cancer
Vaccine available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Polyomavirus

A

Naked circular dsDNA virus
JC - progessive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in HIV
BK virus - transplant patients, commonly targets kidney
(JC: Junky Cerebrum; BK: Bad Kidney)

17
Q

Poxvirus

A

Enveloped linear dsDNA virus (largest- not icosahedral and carries own DNA-dependent RNA polymerase)
Smallpox
Vaccinia - cowpox (milkmaid’s blisters)
Molluscum contagiosum - flesh-colored dome lesions with central dimple

18
Q

Tzanck Test

A

a smear of an opened skin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells (test for HSV-1,2, VZV) - infected cells also have intranuclear Cowdry A inclusions

19
Q

Reovirus

A

Naked linear Icosahedral dsRNA virus (10-12 segments)
Coltivirus - Colorado tick fever
Rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children, especially during winter in day-cares, kindergartens. Villous destruction with atrophy leads to decr absorption of Na+ and water
ROTA = Right Out The Anus

20
Q

Picornavirus

A

Naked linear Icosahedral ssRNA virus
Poliovrus - polio-Salk/Sabin vaccines - IPV/OPV
Echovirus - aseptic meningtits
Rhinovirus - common cold, >100 serologic types. Acid Labile - destroyed by stomach acid so does not infect GI tract (like others)
Coxsackievirus - aseptic meningitis, herpangina - febrile pharyngitis, hand, foot, and mouth disease, myocarditis
HAV - Fecal-oral transmission, Asymptomatic, Acute viral hepatitis
All are enteroviruses (fecal-oral) except rhinovirus
PERCH on a “peak”

21
Q

Hepevirus

A

Naked linear Icosahedral ssRNA virus
HEV - fecal-oral transmission with short incubation time. High mortality in pregnant women (Enteric, Expectant mothers, Epidemic)

22
Q

Calicivirus

A

Naked linear Icosahedral ssRNA

Norwalk virus - viral gastroenteritis (watery diarrhea)

23
Q

Flavivirus

A

Enveloped linear Icosahedral ssRNA virus
HCV - Blood, IVDU, post-transfusion transmission, Long Incubation, can be a Carrier and lead to Chronic Hep, Cirrhosis, and Carcinoma
Yellow Fever - Aedes mosquito with monkey or human reservoir -> high fever, black vomitus, jaundice
Dengues
St. Louis encephalitis
West Nile virus

24
Q

Togavirus

A

Enveloped linear Icosahedral ssRNA virus
Rubella (German Measles) - Fever, postauricular adenopathy, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, fine truncal rash that starts at head and moves down (TORCH infxn)
Eastern equine encephalitis
Western equine encephalitis

25
Q

Retrovirus

A

Enveloped linear ssRNA virus with Reverse Transcriptase
HIV - complex and conical -> AIDS
HTLV - Icosahedral -> T-cell leukemia

26
Q

Coronavirus

A

Enveloped linear Helical ssRNA virus

Coronavirus - common cold and SARS

27
Q

Orthomyxovirus

A

Enveloped linear Helical ssRNA virus (8 segments)
Influenza virus - contains hemagglutin (promotes viral entry) and nueraminidase (promots progeny virion release) antigens. Patients at risk for fatal bacterial superinfection.
Rapid genetic changes including
1. Genetic shift/antigenic shifts (pandemic) - high-frequency recombination -> deadly
2. Genetic drift (epidemic) - minor changes
Px - Killed viral vaccine

28
Q

Paramyxovirus

A

Enveloped linear Helical ssRNA virus (-)
Parainfluenza - croup
RSV - bronchiolitis in babies, Rx - ribavirin
Rubeola (Measles) - Koplic spots on buccal mucosa and descending maculopapular rash
Mumps - Parotitis, Orchitis, aseptic Meningitis
All contain surface F (fusion) protein -> respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells.
Px - Palivixumab (premies)

29
Q

Rhabdovirus

A

Enveloped linear Helical ssRNA virus (-)
Rabies - bullet-shaped capsid, Negri Bodies - cytoplasmic inclusions in neurons infected by rabies virus - commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum.
Rabies has long incubation period before symptom onset, but prophylactic vaccination should occur immediately upon exposure
Fever, Malaise -> Agitation, Photophobia, Hydrophobia -> Paralysis, Coma -> Death
More commonly from bat, raccoon, and skunk bites in US

30
Q

Filovirus

A

Enveloped linear Helical ssRNA virus (-)

Ebola/Marburg hemorrhagic fever - often fatal

31
Q

Arenavirus

A

Enveloped circular Helical circular ssRNA virus (2 segments) (-)
LCMV - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by mice

32
Q

Bunyavirus

A

Enveloped circular Helical ssRNA virus (3 segments) (-)
California encephalitis
Sandfly/Rift Valley Fevers
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever
Hantavirus - hemorrhagic fever, pneumonia

33
Q

Deltavirus

A

Enveloped circular helical ssRNA (-)

HDV - Parenteral, sexual, maternal-fetal transmission, coninfection or superinfection with HBV (needs HbsAg as envelope)

34
Q

Segemented viruses (all RNA viruses)

A

BOAR

Bunyavirus, Orthomyxovirus (influenza) Arenavirus, Reovirus

35
Q

Negative stranded viruses

A

Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
(must bring RNA-dependent RNA polymerase)
Arenavirus, Bunyavirus, Paramyxovirus, Orthomyxovirus, Filovirus, Rhabdovirus

36
Q

Measles (rubeola) virus

A

Paramyxovirus
Koplic spots, red spots with blu-white center on buccal mucose and descending maculopapular rash
SSPE, encephaltis, and giant cell phneumonia are sequelae
3 C’s of measles
Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis

37
Q

Mumps virus

A

Paramyxovirus
Mumps makes your parotid glands and testes as big as POM-poms
Parotitis, Orchitis, asepctic Meningitis

First Aid Micro (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions