Chapter 3 Flashcards
Equipotentiality
Human beings and animals learn in similar ways
What 2 things do behaviorists focus on when studying learning processes?
- Stimuli in the environment
2. responses that organisms make to those stimuli
What is the relationship between the stimulus called? another word for behaviorism?
S-R psychology
What is the black box perspective?
behaviorists that believe that some things that cannot be directly observed or measured in internal processes should not be included in research investigations such as thoughts or motives
Behaviorists that don’t take a strict black-box perspective , who beleive that motivation and strength of S-R are also important in understanding learning and behavior
Neobehaviorist
Learning involves a _______ change.
Behavior
Conditioning
It is how an organism learns based upon interactions with the environment
Determinists
If we were to have complete knowledge of an organism’s inherited behaviors, past experiences, and present environmental circumsances, we would be able to predict the organism’s next response with 100 Percent accuracy
Who first began the notion of classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov, russian scientist. by teaching dogs to salivate using a bell
Neutral Stimulus
a stimulus to which the organism doesn’t respond in any noticeable way.
Unconditioned stimulus
the organism responds to the stimulus unconditionally, without having had to learn to do so
“the meat powder was the the unconditioned stimulus”
conditioned stimulus
and conditioned response
After being paired with an unconditioned stimulus, the previously neutral stimulus now elicits a response and thus is no longer neutral.
Signal Learning
When the conditioned stimulus is presented first, it serves as a signal that the unconditioned stimulus is coming.
Elicits
The stimulus produces a response automatically
Associative bias
associations between certain kinds of stimuli are more likely to be made than are asociations between others
