Unit 1

Question 1

Trapezius (Origin, Insertion, Function, Innervation)

Answer 1

Origin: Occipital bone of the skull
Insertion: Spine and acromion of scapula; part of the clavical
Function: fixes, rotates and elevates the scapula, extends the head
Innervation: Accessory nerve

Question 2

Latissimus Dorsi (Origin, Insertion, Function, Innervation)

Answer 2

Origin: iliac crest
Insertion: intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
Function: adducts, extends, and medially rotates the arm
Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve

Question 3

Rhomboid major (Origin, Insertion, Function, Innervation)

Answer 3

Origin: Spinous processes of T2-T5
Insertion: Medial border of scapula; from the spine to the inferior angle
Function: Retracts and downwardly rotates the scapula
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve

Question 4

Rhomboid Minor (Origin, Insertion, Function, Innervation)

Answer 4

Origin: Spinous process of T1
Insertion: Medial border of the scapula; from the angle to the spine
Function: Retracts and downwardly rotates the scapula
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve

Question 5

Levator Scapulae (Origin, Insertion, Function, Innervation)

Answer 5

Origin: Transverse process of C1-C4
Insertion: Superior angle and medial border of the scapula
Function: Elevates the scapula and laterally flexes the neck
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve

Question 6

Serratus Posterior Inferior (Origin, Insertion, Function, Innervation)

Answer 6

Origin: Spinous processes of T11 to L3, supraspinous ligament
Insertion: Lower border of ribs 9 to 12
Function: Depresses ribs 9 to 12
Innervation: ventral rami of spinal nerves

Question 7

Serratus Posterior Superior (Origin, Insertion, Function, Innervation)

Answer 7

Origin: Spinous processes of C7 to T3, lower ligamentum nuchae, supraspinous ligament
Insertion: Upper border of ribs 2 to 5
Function: Elevates ribs 2 to 5
Innervation: ventral rami of spinal nerves

Question 8

Splenius Capitis (Origin, Insertion, Function, Innervation)

Answer 8

Origin: Spines of T1-T6 and lower part of ligamentum nuchae
Insertion: Lateral aspect of mastoid process and lateral part of superior nuchal line
Function: Laterally flexes, rotates, and extends the head
Innervation: dorsal rami of middle and lower cervical spinal nerves

Question 9

Splenius Cervicis (Origin, Insertion, Function, Innervation)

Answer 9

Origin: Spines of T1-T6 and lower part of ligamentum nuchae
Insertion: Transverse processes of C1-C4
Function: Laterally flexes, rotates, and extends the neck
Innervation: dorsal rami of middle and lower cervical spinal nerves

Question 10

Iliocostalis (Origin, Insertion, Function, Innervation)

Answer 10

Origin: Sacrum; spinous processes of lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae; and the iliac crest
Insertion: Transverse processes of L1-L3; posterior surface of the ribs; transverse processes of lower cervical vertebrae
Function: extends and laterally flexes the spine
Innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 11

Longissimus (Origin, Insertion, Function, Innervation)

Answer 11

Origin: Sacrum; spinous processes of lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae; and the iliac crest
Insertion: Lower nine ribs; transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae; and mastoid process of skull
Function: extends and laterally flexes the spine; extends and rotates the head
Innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 12

Spinalis (Origin, Insertion, Function, Innervation)

Answer 12

Origin: Spinous processes of upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Spinous process of upper thoracic vertebrae between L2 and T2
Function: extends the vertebral column
Innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 13

Semispinalis capitis (Origin, Insertion, Function, Innervation)

Answer 13

Origin: Transverse processes of T1 to T6
Insertion: Medial part of occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines
Function: rotates and extends the head and neck
Innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 14

Semispinalis Cervicis (Origin, Insertion, Function, Innervation)

Answer 14

Origin: Transverse processes of upper 5-6 thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Spinous processes of C2-C5
Function: rotates and extends vertebral column of trunk
Innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 15

Multifidus (Origin, Insertion, Function, Innervation)

Answer 15

Origin: Sacrum; L vertebrae; transverse processes of T vertebrae; and articular processes of lower cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Spinous process of vertebrae L5 to C2
Function: extends and rotates the vertebral column
Innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 16

Rotatores (Origin, Insertion, Function, Innervation)

Answer 16

Origin: Transverse processes of vertebrae
Insertion: Spinous processes of superior vertebrae
Function: extends and rotates the vertebral column
Innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 17

Levatores costarum (Origin, Insertion, Function, Innervation)

Answer 17

Origin: Transverse processes of C7 to T11
Insertion: The rib inferior to each vertebrae of origin near tubercle
Function: elevates the ribs
Innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 18

Rectus capitis posterior major (Origin, Insertion, Function, Innervation)

Answer 18

Origin: Spinous process of axis
Insertion: Lateral portion of occipital bone below inferior nuchal line
Function: extends the head and rotates the head to the same side
Innervation: suboccipital nerve

Question 19

Rectus capitis posterior minor (Origin, Insertion, Function, Innervation)

Answer 19

Origin: Posterior tubercle of atlas
Insertion: Medial portion of occipital bone below inferior nuchal line
Function: extends the head
Innervation: suboccipital nerve

Question 20

Superior oblique (Origin, Insertion, Function, Innervation)

Answer 20

Origin: Transverse process of atlas
Insertion: Occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines
Function: extends the head and laterally flexes head
Innervation: suboccipital nerve

Question 21

Inferior oblique (Origin, Insertion, Function, Innervation)

Answer 21

Origin: Spinous process of axis
Insertion: Transverse processes of atlas
Function: rotates the head to face the same side
Innervation: suboccipital nerve