Chapter 4: Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes

Question 1

Blood flow blue?

Answer 1

Oxygenated blood

Question 2

Blood flow red?

Answer 2

blood you get from the heart

Question 3

Veins

Answer 3

Blood returns back to heart

Question 4

Coronary Arteries

Answer 4

Blood vessels that supply heart muscle with blood

Question 5

Atherosclerosis

Answer 5

Progressive narrowing of arteries due to an accumulation of fatty material (reversible)

Question 6

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 6

progressive narrowing of arteries due to an accumulation of fat, cholesterol, and other material, and hardening of arteries due to mineral deposits (non-reversible)

Question 7

Heart Attack Symptoms

Answer 7

• Chest discomfort
• Shortness of breath
• Sweating
• Nausea
• Light-headedness

Question 8

2 types of stroke

Answer 8

• Ischemic: blockage disrupts blood flow to brain
• Hemorrhagic: blood vessel ruptures
• both lead to compromised blood flow, death of tissue
• 80% are ischemic

Question 9

Stroke signs/symptoms?

FAST

Answer 9

1. Face drooping
2. Unable to raise arms
3. Slurred speech
4. Headache

Question 10

Unchangeable Risk Factors

Answer 10

Age, Sex, Heredity, Ethnicity

Question 11

Changeable Risk Factors

Answer 11

Smoking, Lack of exercise, unhealthy eating, High Cholesterol, Hypertension, High sodium intake, Stress, Diabetes, Overweight

Question 12

CVD Treatments:

Answer 12

1. Coronary artery bypass (CABG): vein from somewhere, attach to artery to before and after blockage
   (Hastings Street example)
2. Angioplasty, enlarging artery by using balloon-type instrument

Question 13

Two types of diabetes?

Answer 13

1. Type 1: Genetic, body doesn’t produce insulin
2. Type 2: Lifestyle related, Body produces insulin; however doesn’t respond to insulin
   - if no insulin response= high blood sugar

Question 14

Diabetes and CVD?

Answer 14

• Adults with diabetes 2-4 times more likely to suffer from heart disease/stroke
• More likely to suffer from CVD/stroke at younger age

Question 15

Treatments for both diabetes types?

Answer 15

• No cure, blood sugar levels must be held stable
  1. Type 1: Insulin injections
  2. Type 2: Lifestyle modification

Question 16

Risk factors for diabetes?

Answer 16

1. Obesity
2. Ethnicity
3. Physical inactivity
4. Family history
5. Previous case of gestational diabetes

Question 17

Disorders associated with diabetes?

Answer 17

1. CVD
2. Kidney disease
3. Peripheral neuropathy
4. Sores/infections
5. Amputation of limbs
6. Blindness

Question 18

4 steps to atherosclerosis

Answer 18

1. Lesion in arterial wall
2. Build-up of plaque
3. Macrophages (foam cells) change to form plaque
4. Migration of smooth muscle cells

Question 19

Cholesterol: Low VS High Density

Answer 19

• Elevated blood cholesterol is risk factor
• Cholesterol carried by lipoproteins
• Low density lipoprotein= bad cholesterol
• -moves blood to vessel walls (increases CVD risk)
• high density lipoprotein= good cholesterol
• -promotes re absorption of cholesterol and lowers CVD risk