Inflammation And Burns

Question 1

What are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 1

Heat
Redness
Pain
Swelling
Loss of function

Question 2

What are the inflammatory mediators

Answer 2

Histamines
Plasma proteases
Prostoglandins
Leukotrienes

Question 3

What are the vascular responses to acute inflammation

Answer 3

Constriction of small vessels
Vasodilation of arteries
Congestion causes warmth and redness 
Increased capillary permeability 
Fluid movement into tissues 
Clotting

Question 4

What is the process of the immune response to inflammation

Answer 4

Pavementing - cells line walls
Emigration/Diapedesis - leukocytes start to move to site of injury
Chemotaxis - leukocytes attach to injury site
Phagocytosis - debris removal

Question 5

Serous exudate

Answer 5

Watery
Some proteins
Some white blood cells

Question 6

Fibrinous exudate

Answer 6

Thick
Sticky
High cell and fibrin content

Question 7

Purulent exudate

Answer 7

Thick and yellow-green

More leukocytes, debris and microorganisms

Question 8

The proliferation of what occurs in chronic vs acute inflammation

Answer 8

Fiberblasts rather than exudates

Question 9

What are the anti inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids?

Answer 9

Decreased cap permeability
Enhanced effectiveness of epi and norepinephrine
Reduced leukocyte presence
Reduced immune response

Question 10

What are the adverse effects of glucocorticoids

Answer 10

Atrophy of lymphoid tissue
Reduced hemopoiesis
Decreased protein synthesis
Increased tissue breakdown
Delayed healing
Delayed growth in children 
Sodium and water retention

Question 11

RICE therapy

Answer 11

Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation

Question 12

What changes occur in the blood with inflammation?

Answer 12

Increased leukocytes 
Differential count 
Increased plasma protein
Presence of c-reactive protein 
Increased ESR
Cell enzyme presence

Question 13

How is burn severity measured?

Answer 13

Thickness and surface area covered

Rule of Nines

Question 14

What are the steps in treatment for burns?

Answer 14

Treat immediate problems like shock, respiratory problems, anemia, dehydration etc

Cover burn to prevent infection

Control scarring and avoid keloids

Therapy

Question 15

1st degree burn

Answer 15

Superficial partial thickness
No blisters
Involve epidermis

Question 16

2nd degree burn

Answer 16

Deep partial thickness

Blister formation

Question 17

3rd degree burn

Answer 17

Full thickness

Nerves, fat, burns

Question 18

What problems can arise with scar formation

Answer 18

Loss of function 
Contractures (limited ROM)
Adhesions 
Hypertrophic scar tissue 
Ulcerations

Question 19

Labile cells

Answer 19

Continue to divide (skin)

Question 20

Stable cells

Answer 20

Normally stop but could divide (hepatic)

Question 21

Permanent cells

Answer 21

Unable to divide (neurons)

Question 22

What are the steps of tissue repair?

Answer 22

Inflammatory phase
Proliferative (new tissue) phase
Remodeling phase (synthesis and lysis)