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Body Systems > Cardiovascular System: Lecture 1 - Introduction to cardiovascular anatomy > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System: Lecture 1 - Introduction to cardiovascular anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic function of the cardiovascular system?

A

To maintain a constant internal environment

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2
Q

What substances are exchanged in the CVS?

A

-O2 and nutrients are absorbed -cellular products such as hormones are released into body -CO2 and waste is removed

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3
Q

Where are gases and nutrients exchanged?

A

Capillary beds

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4
Q

Why are vessels thinner as we move further away from the heart? e.g at arterioles

A

so diffusion can occur

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5
Q

Explain the 7 vessels blood pass through? (oxygenated to deoxygenated)

A
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6
Q

What are the 2 types of circulation through the heart?

A
  1. Systemic circulation system - to and from the body 2. Pulmonary circulation system - to and from the lungs
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7
Q

What blood does the right side contain?

A

Deoxygenated

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8
Q

What blood does the left side contain?

A

Oxygenated

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9
Q

Draw a diagram of the two pumps of the heart, the vessels and where the vessels go

A
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10
Q

What are the two functional parts of the CVS?

A
  1. Conducting system - vasculature (tubes - arteries ad veins) 2. Exchange system - capillary beds
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11
Q

What does the exchange system do?

A

-Link smallest arterioles to smallest venules -Forms a continuous exchange system between blood and extracellular fluid

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12
Q

Where does the blood come from that fills the right atrium?

A

Superior and inferior vena cava

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13
Q

Where does the blood come from that fills the left atrium?

A

Pulmonary veins

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14
Q

When blood leaves the right ventricle, where does it go?

A

The lungs via the pulmonary trunk (which is then divided into the right and left pulmonary artery)

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15
Q

When blood leaves the left ventricle, where does it go?

A

The body via the aorta

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16
Q

Where does the heart recide?

A

The pericardial sac

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17
Q

Try to annotate this diagram of the heart

A

This is what we’d see if we removed the anterior chest wall and looked into the thoracic cavity

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18
Q

Annotate this image of the right atrium

A
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19
Q

What is the name of the wall that separates the right and left atrium?

A

intertribal septum

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20
Q

What are pectinate muscles and why are they important?

A

They are muscular ridges and are important for contraction of the atria and preventing it from over extended

21
Q

Annotate this image of the right ventricle

A
22
Q

Why is the left ventricle much thicker than the right?

A

Because its projecting blood to the whole body

23
Q

Annotate this diagram of the left atrium and ventricle

A
24
Q

What are the names of the branches that emerge from the aorta to supply the head?

A

The carotid arteries

25
Q

What are the names of the branches that emerge from the aorta to supply the upper limbs?

A

The subclavian arteries

26
Q

Where is the subclavian artery located?

A

Recides underneath the clavicle

27
Q

How does the aorta branch off? Which arteries emerge?

A

-Brachiocephalic trunk separates into R. subclavian artery and R. common carotid after -aorta also branches twice more, into the L. common carotid artery and the L. subclavian artery

28
Q

Which arteries supply the heart with blood?

A

Coronary arteries

29
Q

What might happen if theres a sudden blockage in the coronary arteries?

A

Ischaemia - inadequate blood supply This can lead to myocardial infarction

30
Q

How do you treat blockages?

A

Coronary artery bypass

31
Q

Annotate this image

A
32
Q

How do we categorise the abdomen?

A

Into 3 vascular planes: A = ventral, unpaired arteries to gastrointestinal tract B= paired, arteries to paired internal organs (e.g kidneys/gonads C= parted, segmental arteries to body wall (e.g intercostal arteries)

33
Q

Describe the anatomy of the descending aorta

A
34
Q

What is coarctation?

A

Narrowing of the aorta so theres a decrease in blood flow to inferior body

35
Q

How do we fix coarctation?

A

We create a collateral blood supply - blood travels through smaller vessels instead of aorta (different route)

36
Q

Where can collateral circulation develop?

A

Between proximal and distal aorta via intercostal and internal thoracic arteries

37
Q

What artery supplies the diaphragm?

A

Musculophrenic artery

38
Q

At which vertebrae does the aorta pass through the diaphragm?

A

T12 (aortic civatus) - has 12 letters so passes through t12

39
Q

Which two pairs of arteries supply the limbs?

A

upper limb - subclavian lower limb - external iliac

40
Q

Where do limb vessels lie?

A

In the flexor compartment of he limb - protected

41
Q

Name the significant limb arteries

A
42
Q

How do veins mirror arteries?

A

Upper limb into subclavian veins Lower limb into external iliac vein

43
Q

What are deep veins found near?

A

They surround their corresponding artery e.g radial arter = radial vein

44
Q

Give 2 features of deep veins

A

-usually dup- or triplicated -helps to maintain core body temp (countercurrent heat exchanger)

45
Q

Where does the lymphatic system empty into?

A

The venous system

46
Q

Explain the route from the lymphatic plexus to the venous system

A
  1. Lymphatic plexuses (amongst capillaries) 2. Lymphatic vessels (alongside arteries) 3. Lymph nodes 4. Thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct 5. Venous system
47
Q

What do the thin wall tubes in the lymphatic system transport?

A

Interstitual fluid, bacteria, cellular debris & whole cells (lymphocytes)

48
Q

Why are patterns of lymph important clinically?

A

To predict or back track primary tumour

49
Q

What are the 2 main things the circulatory system consists of?

A

CVS and lymphatic system

Body Systems (24 decks)

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