Osteoarthritis and principles of management Flashcards

1
Q

How is osteoarthritis defined by arthritis research uk?

A

Tear, flare, and repair

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2
Q

What happens to joints in osteoarthritis?

A

Trauma and mechanical imbalance
Inflammation and pain
Repair processes around the joint

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3
Q

What are biomechanical factors in osteoarthritis?

A
Abnormal anatomy
Intra-articular fracture
Ligament rupture
Meniscal injury
Occupation - farmers, football players
Persistent heavy physical activity
Elite running 
Obesity
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4
Q

What happens as a result of inflammation?

A

Synovial hypertrophy
Subchondral changes
Joint effusion

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5
Q

What is the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis?

A

Muscle weakness/ligament injury/abnormal anatomy leads to instability/malalignment
Obesity and/or instability leads to increased load
Increased load leads to joint microtrauma
Joint microtrauma leads to osteoarthritic joint

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6
Q

How is osteoarthritis diagnosed?

A

45 years +
Activity related joint pain
Has either no morning joint-related stiffness or morning stiffness that lasts no longer than 30 minutes

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7
Q

What are differentials for osteoarthritis?

A

Gout
Other inflammatory arthritides
Septic arthritis
Malignancy

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8
Q

How is osteoarthritis investigated?

A

X-ray to confirm diagnosis

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9
Q

How is osteoarthritis managed in primary care?

A

Hollistic approach and self-management

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10
Q

What are non-pharmacological treatments for osteoarthritis?

A

Thermotherapy
Electrotherapy
Aids and devices
Manual therapy

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11
Q

What are pharmacological treatment options for osteoarthritis?

A

Oral analgesia - paracetamol, NSAIDs
Topical treatments - NSAIDS, capsaicin
Intra-articular injections - steroid

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