Wk 2

Question 1

What body system is affected most by exercise? How is that system affected?

Answer 1

The cardiovascular system is most affected.

Exercise increases efficiency of heart, blood flow and O2 saturation, it decreases resting heart rate and BP.

Question 2

How is the respiratory system affected by exercise?

Answer 2

It increases depth of respiration, respiratory rate, gas exchange, CO2 exertion

Question 3

How is the gastrointestinal system affected by exercise?

Answer 3

Increases appetite and intestinal tone

Question 4

How is the urinary system affected by exercise?

Answer 4

Increases blood flow to kidneys, increases efficiency and fluid and acid balance.

Question 5

How is the musculoskeletal system affected by exercise?

Answer 5

Increases muscle efficiency and coordination, increases efficiency of nerve impulse transmission.

Question 6

How is the metabolic system affected by exercise?

Answer 6

Increases efficiency of system, increases efficiency in body temp regulation.

Question 7

How is the integumentary system affected by exercise?

Answer 7

Increases tone color and turgor from increased circulation.

Question 8

How is psychological well-being affected by exercise?

Answer 8

Increases energy, well being, improves sleep, appearance, self-concept and positive health behaviors.

Question 9

What are the types of exercises ( body movement )? Examples of each.

Answer 9

Aerobic: sustaining muscle movement that requires increased O2. Examples are pretty much all cardio workouts.

Stretching: stretching through full range of motion. Examples are yoga, dance, warm up, cool down.

Strength: exercise that increases strength of muscle. Examples are weight training, calisthenics, isometric movements.

Question 10

What is assessed for a patient’s mobility?

Answer 10

Ease of movement and gate.
Alignment.
Joint structure and function.
Muscle tone and strength.
Endurance.
Get up and go test.

Question 11

What is range of motion?

What are the two types?

Answer 11

Range of motion is the complete extent of moving which a joint is capable of.

The two types are
active range of motion- which encourages self ADLs and full or partial movement.
Passive range of motion - which are when the nurse moves all the joints through their range of motions for the patient.

Question 12

What are contractions? What are the cause of them? How are they prevented?

Answer 12

Contractures are a condition of shortening and hardening of muscles tendons or other tissue often leading to deformity and rigidity of joints.

The cause is from inactivity and prolonged bed rest.

Prevention is by doing passive and active range of motion.

Question 13

How often should a patient be moved?

Answer 13

Every 2 hours

Question 14

What are the ADLs?

Answer 14

Bathing, dressing, eating, elimination, mobility

Question 15

What are the IADLs?

Answer 15

Telephone, transportation, shopping, preparing meals, housework, medication, money management

Question 16

What factors affect personal hygiene?

Answer 16

Culture, socioeconomic, spiritual practice, developmental level, health state, personal preference

Question 17

What are the 3 functional levels?

Answer 17

Self-care - completely independent

Partial assistance - nurse provides equipment, positions patient in bed, client completes bath except back and feet.

Complete assistance - nurse completes entire procedure.

Question 18

What is abduction?

Answer 18

lateral movement of a body part away from the midline of the body. Example a person’s arm is abducted when it moves away from the body.

Question 19

What is adduction?

Answer 19

adduction is the lateral movement of a body part toward the midline of the body. Example a person’s arm is adducted when it is moved from the outstretched position to a position alongside the body.

Question 20

What is circumduction?

Answer 20

circumduction is movement of the distal part of the limb to trace a complete circle while the proximal end of the bone remains fixed. Example is the leg outstretched and moving in a circle.

Question 21

What is flexion?

Answer 21

The state of being bent example a person’s cervical spine is flexed when the head is bent forward chin to chest.

Question 22

What is extension?

Answer 22

extension is the state of being in a straight line. Example is a person’s cervical spine is extended when the head is held straight on the spinal column.

Question 23

What is hyperextension?

Answer 23

The state of exaggerated extension it often results in angles greater than 180°. Example a person’s cervical spine is hyperextended when looking overhead toward the ceiling.

Question 24

What is Dorsiflexion?

Answer 24

Backward bending of the hand or foot. An example a person’s foot is in Dorsiflexion when the toes are brought up as though to point them at the knee.

Question 25

What is plantar flexion?

Answer 25

Flexion of the foot. Example a person’s foot is in plantar flexion on the foot drop position.

Question 26

What is rotation?

Answer 26

Rotation is turning on an axis; the turning of a body part on the axis provided by its joint. Example a thumb is rotated when it is moved to make a circle.

Question 27

What is internal rotation?

Answer 27

a body part turning on its axis towards the midline of the body. An example is a leg is rotated internally when it turns inward at the hip and the toes pointed toward the midline of the body.

Question 28

What is external rotation?

Answer 28

a body part turning on its axis away from the midline of the body. An example is a leg is rotated externally when it turns outward at the hip and the toes point away from the midline of the body.

Question 29

What is pronation?

Answer 29

Pronation is the assumption of the prone position. an example is a person is in the prone position when lying on the abdomen a person’s palm is prone when the forearm is turned so the palm faces down.

Question 30

What is Supination?

Answer 30

supination is the assumption of the supine position. An example is a person is in the supine position one line flat on the back; a person’s palm is supine when the forearm is turned so that the palm faces upward.

Question 31

What is inversion?

Answer 31

Inversion is moving of the soul of the foot inward (occurs at the ankle)

Question 32

What is a eversion?

Answer 32

Movement of the soul of the foot outward ( occurs at the ankle )

Question 33

What are the different types of exercise? Give examples of each. ( Muscle contractions )

Answer 33

Isotonic: muscle changes length with movement.
Example: walking, running, swimming, squatting, free weights.

Isometric: muscle contraction without shortening ( no movement )
Example: yoga, planking, exercises that hold a position, static exercise.

Isokinetic: muscle contraction with resistance fluctuating by energy required remains constant (speed is constant)
Example: stationary bikes, rower, weight machines, ***This requires a machine to perform.

Question 34

I think what are the five postural reflexes?

Answer 34

Labyrinth - inner ear determines position, orientation, and movement.

Kinesthetics - location of a body part.

Withdrawal - protects the body by flexing muscle with pain coordinated movement.

Extensor- reacts to withdrawal by shifting weight.

Visual

Question 35

What are Age related changes of the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 35

Bones - composition, decreased bone mass, increased osteoporosis.

Muscles - declining motor function loss of muscle mass and strength decrease of endurance.

Joint and connective tissue- increas ed osteoarthritis decrease in flexibility, wear and tear, impaired flexion and extension, loss of cartilage, decrease synovial fluid, degeneration of collagen

Question 36

How often should you perform range of motion?

Answer 36

Twice a day.

Question 37

How do you prevent/reduce injuries when moving a patient?

Answer 37

Flexing hips, knees, pivoting, use major muscle groups (not back muscles) aid movement and reduce back strain.