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Millwright Manual > Chapter 3 - Technical Drawings > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Technical Drawings Flashcards

1
Q

How does the ability to read and interpret technical drawings benefit a millwright?

A
  • they are needed to understand how a machine is crafted, assembled, and installed.
  • allows isolation of a problem area before a system is dismantled
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2
Q

List the types of technical drawings used in industry today.

A
  • orthographic drawings
    — first-angle
    — third-angle
  • pictorial drawings
    — isometric
    — oblique
  • schematic diagrams
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3
Q

In an orthographic drawing, what direction is the object viewed from in the front elevation and the plan view?

A
  • front elevation, the object is viewed from the front

- plan view, the object is viewed from the top or bottom

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4
Q

Most often, where do first-angle projection and third-angle projection originate?

A
  • first-angle projection is used in Europe

- third-angle projections is used in North America

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5
Q

Describe how first-angle projection differs from third-angle projection.

A
  • first-angle
    — viewing position > object > side elevation
  • third-angle
    — viewing position > side elevation > object
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6
Q

Name the views that are usually required in a third-angle orthographic projection drawing.

A
  • top (plan)
  • front (front elevation)
  • side (side elevation)
  • sometime auxiliary and sectional views are needed
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7
Q

Which view is chosen to be the front view for a technical drawing?

A
  • most objects do not have a natural front or side position.
  • therefore, it is necessary to determine which side of the object provides the most information about its shape
  • this side is used as the front view
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8
Q

What are the merits and limitations of pictorial drawings?

A

Merits

  • 3D renderings of an object showing height, length and width
  • help viewer to visualize the true shape of an object

Limitations
- do not describe the shape of an object either exactly or completely

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9
Q

Describe how isometric and oblique drawings are drawn.

A

Isometric

  • all lines are drawn either vertically or at 30 degrees to the horizontal
  • the lengths along the 30 degrees axes are drawn to full scale

Oblique

  • on face is at right angle to the horizontal and the others are at an angle (usually 45 degrees) to the horizontal
  • the receding dimensions along the 45 degrees axis are drawn to half scale
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10
Q

How is line thickness defined by Canadian standards?

A
  • Canadians standards define line thickness as THICK or THIN

- thick lines - twice as thick as thin lines

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11
Q

Draw and describe

- construction lines

A
  • thin lines used to lay out the various views of an object

- construction lines are eventually overpaid by the object lines

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12
Q

Draw and describe

- object lines

A
  • thick lines which indicate the visible outline of an object
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13
Q

Draw and describe

- hidden lines

A
  • show those surfaces and features of the object that are not seen in the chosen views
  • they are thin, equally spaced, broken lines
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14
Q

Draw and describe

- break lines

A
  • used to shorten the view of long uniform sections
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15
Q

Draw and describe

- section lines

A
  • the parallel diagonal lines (hatch marks) that identify a sectional view of an object in a drawing
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16
Q

Draw and describe

- centrelines

A
  • drawn as thin, broken lines, with long and short lines spaced alternately
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17
Q

Draw and describe

- cutting plane line

A
  • offset cutting plane lines are usually if the broken type

- letters placed beside arrows key to the corresponding sectional view

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18
Q

Draw and describe

- extension and dimension lines

A
  • Extension lines
    — thin lines which extend the object lines out to a convenient space for dimensioning
    — these lines do not touch the object lines
    — if extension lines cross arrowheads or dimension lines, a break in the extension line is permitted
  • Dimension lines
    — thin lines which indicate the distance between the extension lines. They terminate with arrowheads which touch the extension lines.
    — these lines give the objects measured dimensions; height, width and length
    — where one or more dimension lines share an extension line, the dimension lines should run parallel to each other
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19
Q

What are the two methods used to dimension objects?

A
  • Aligned method
    — all dimension figures except angular dimensions are written parallel to the dimension lines
  • Unidirectional dimensioning
    — all figures are written parallel to the bottom of the drafting paper
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20
Q

What two types of dimensions are found on technical drawings?

A
  • Overall dimensions
    — indicate overall length, width, or height of an object
  • Detail dimensions
    — give size and location of any feature or detail which is not overall length, height or width
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21
Q

State the rules for dimensioning technical drawings

A
  • only one form of dimension is used on a single drawing; either aligned or unidirectional
  • technical drawings are dimensioned so that the full-size dimensions are specified on he drawing regardless of scale
  • in metric drawings, dimensions are shown in millimetres without their units (1100, not 1100mm)
  • the position and size of angles are shown
  • when metric values are less than one, a zero is shown before the decimal point (0.5, not .5)
  • whenever possible, to avoid confusion, dimensions are placed close to features being shown and outside the objects outline
  • dimensions of a feature are shown only once
  • when space is limited, dimension figures are placed in one or the other way
    — inside the dimension line with the arrowheads outside the extension lines
    — with the figures and arrowheads outside the extension lines
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22
Q

What are the overall dimensions of the object in figure 11?

A

-

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23
Q

What is the hole size and the size and depth of the counter-bored hole in figure 13?

A

-

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24
Q

Where are the holes located in the square plate in figure 14?

A

-

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25
Q

What is the diameter of the bolt pattern in figure 15?

A

-

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26
Q

What are the purposes of sectional view?

A
  • used to show an aspect of the object which is otherwise too complicated to show with the conventional top, front, and side views
  • show differences in materials
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27
Q

Describe the difference between full-section and half-section views.

A

Full section - use a cutting plane through the whole object giving the impression that the object has been cut in half

Half section - remove only a certain portion of the drawing. If a half section views gives all the information needed to understand the drawing, hen a full section drawing is not given

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28
Q

Which views are pictorial and which views are orthographic in figure 16?

A

-

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29
Q

Can section lines identify the material and object is made from?

A
  • line patterns are used to indicate types of materials

- also indicate solid portions of an object

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30
Q

How are offset sectional cutting planes indicated on the drawing in figure 18?

A

-

31
Q

Where is the lower bolt hole located in the aligned sectional view in figure 19?

A

-

32
Q

How are holes illustrated in a sectional view when the cutting plane line passes through them?

A
  • blank dimensioned without line patterns
33
Q

How is a removed sectional view identified? Figure 21

A
  • sectional labelling
34
Q

Describe how the broken-out sectional view in figure 22 helps in the understanding of the object.

A
  • shows X-ray of interior dimensions
35
Q

What are the reasons for using auxiliary views?

Figure 23

A
  • used to detail sloping (or inclining) surfaces which cannot be depicted in normally orthographic views
  • clearly shows the shape of the object and gives its true dimensions
36
Q

Which of the regular views is the front view in figure 23?

A

-

37
Q

Why would and object have two or more auxiliary views?

A
  • occasionally an object cannot be completely described in one auxiliary view, so an additional auxiliary view may be needed
38
Q

What are the merits of the exploded view in figure 24?

A
  • exploded views take a very complicated drawing and separates it along s common axis where possible
  • the viewer sees exactly how a group of parts fit together
39
Q

Is the exploded view orthographic or pictorial in figure 24?

A

-

40
Q

Define tolerance.

A
  • the total permissible/allowable variance of the basic size of a component
  • tolerance limits are the maximum and minimum sizes that are allowable
  • the tolerance is the difference between the max and min limits
41
Q

What is the maximum and the minimum material size for the following?
- 28.00 +0 -0.06 mm

A
  • 28.00mm

- 27.94mm

42
Q

What is the maximum and the minimum material size for the following?
- 33.00 +0.08 - 0 mm

A
  • 33.00mm

- 33.08mm

43
Q

What is the maximum and the minimum material size for the following?
- 42.50 +- 0.5 mm

A
  • 42.00mm

- 43.00mm

44
Q

What is the advantage of the direct method of indicating tolerance?

A
  • shows both upper and lower limit together
  • eliminates any calculations concerning maximum and minimum tolerances
  • not the upper and lower limits are given, and the MMC is given in the upper position
45
Q

Draw and ISO datum-feature symbol

A
  • [A]-
46
Q

What is the significance of a datum or reference point?

A
  • when several tolerances are given in a sequence, a datum or reference point should be given
  • all dimensions are referenced to this point
47
Q

What is the maximum tolerable overall length of the part featured in figure 26?

A

-

48
Q

Define clearance and interference fits.

A
  • tolerances May be either clearance (positive), or interference (negative) fit

Clearance - one in which the machines pieces can be fitted by hand

Interference - requires heat, cold, or a combination of both to assemble the piece

49
Q

Draw symbols to indicate the following:

- part must be straight within 0.10mm

A
  • — 0.10
50
Q

Draw symbols to indicate the following:

- shaft runout must be within 0.8 mm

A

-↗️🅰️🅱️0.8

51
Q

State the primary measurements for surface texture

A
  • micrometer (um) — a micrometer is one millionth of a metre (0.000 001 meters)
  • micro-inch (uin) — a micro-inch is one millionth of an inch 0.000 001 inch)
52
Q

What would be a typical application for a drilled hole with a finish between N8 and N7?
Table 1

A
  • good for close fits

- unsuitable for fast rotating members

53
Q

List the information blocks used on technical drawings to relay information.

A
  • zone numbers
  • title block
  • revision block
  • materials list
  • scale
54
Q

What is the purpose of zone numbers and letters?

A
  • refer to certain areas on the print in much the same fashion as coordinate numbers on a map
55
Q

Where is the title block located on a technical drawing and what information does it contain?

A
  • should always appear in the lower right-side of the printed
  • contains information as the — drawing number, title or description of the part, the name of the firm that prepared the drawing, and the scale, as well as any other provisions made
56
Q

Where is a revision block located and what information does it contain?

A
  • may be placed either in the lower left- or upper right-hand sides of the print
  • lists any and all revisions made to the drawing after the initial drafting of the print
57
Q

What revision was made on Feb.24/96 by G. Burns to the drawing in figure 34?

A

-chamfer added

58
Q

Where is the materials list located on the technical drawing and what does it contain?

A
  • generally located just above the title block
  • if there is no revision black in the upper right-hand, then the material list is placed here
  • May also be called the item list
  • all parts in a materials list are identified by their part or stock number
  • provides for the number and size of each of part including all fasteners, such as bolts, washers and nuts
59
Q

How long will the drawing of a part be if the part is 980mm long and it is drawn to a scale of 1:5?

A
  • 5X smaller than actual size

- 196mm

60
Q

What information does a detail drawing contain?

A
  • a description of the shape
  • all necessary views and lines needed to describe the complete form of the object
  • all dimensions and numerals including tolerances used to specify the object
  • general notes, including such thing s ax the materials list, any heat treating, machining, and surface texture
61
Q

Is the drawing first-angle or third-angle projection in figure 35?

A

-

62
Q

What materials are the following items made of in figure 35?:
- #1 the hook?

A
  • steel
63
Q

What materials are the following items made of in figure 35?:
- #5 the bushing?

A
  • bronze
64
Q

What materials are the following items made of in figure 35?:
- #8 the locking pin?

A
  • steel
65
Q

What is the measurement between centres of the hook and the clevis pin in figure 35?

A

-

66
Q

What size is the throat opening in the hook in figure 35?

A

-

67
Q

What information does and assembly drawing contain?

A
  • an assembly drawing shows the various pieces of a machine and the way they fit together as a complete unit
  • used to show the correct working relationship of the mating pieces and their functions
68
Q

What information does schematic diagrams communicate to the reader?

A
  • facilitates he tracing of hydraulic, pneumatic, or electrical lines and components of each
  • shows relationship between various parts of a system
  • shows connections, functions and flows
69
Q

What information is not communicated to the reader of schematic diagrams?

A
  • does not show the actual size, shape, or location of the components or devices within the system
70
Q

What is the pressure for the hydraulic system in figure 36?

A

-600 PSI

71
Q

What information is communicated to the reader of pipe drawings?

A
  • shows functions, connections, flow, and spatial location
72
Q

Which views are the plan view, the elevation view and the side view in figure 39b?

A

-

73
Q

Compare single-line to double-line pipe drawings.

A
  • single line — abstract symbols

- double line — pictorial schematic

74
Q

What institutions publish symbols for welding, piping, surface texture, and electrical elements?

A
  • ISO — international standards organization
  • CSA — Canadian standards association
  • ANSI — American national standards institute

Millwright Manual (24 decks)

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