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A & P Unit 2 > Chapter 6 Bones and Skeletal Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Bones and Skeletal Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the bones? Shelley Possibly Might Make a B or C

A

Support Protection Movement Mineral Storage Blood Cell Formation

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2
Q

Function-Support forms (Shelley)

A

the framework that supports the body and cradles the soft organs

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3
Q

Function-Protection (Possibly)

A

provides case for the brain, spinal cord and vital organs

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4
Q

Function-Movement (Might)

A

provides levers for muscles

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5
Q

Function-Mineral Storage is a (Make a)

A

reservoir for minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus

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6
Q

Function-Blood Cell Formation is where (B or C)

A

most blood cell formation happens

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7
Q

Hematopoiesis occurs within the

A

marrow cavities of the bones

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8
Q

Classification of Bones Axial skeleton includes bones of the

A

skull vertebral column rib cage

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9
Q

Axial skeleton bones

A

protect, support or carry other body parts

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10
Q

Classification of Bones Appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the

A

upper and lower limbs shoulder hip

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11
Q

Bones of the limbs help us

A

move from place to place and manipulate our environment

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12
Q

Bones are classified as shapes such as

A

long flat short irregular

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13
Q

Compact bones are

A

dense, and look smooth

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14
Q

Spongy (cancelleous) bones are

A

a honeycomb of small needle-like or flat pieces called trabeculae

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15
Q

what does trabeculae mean?

A

Little beams

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16
Q

Open spaces between trabeculea are

A

filled with marrow

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17
Q

Long bones are

A

longer than they are wide

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18
Q

Long bones have

A

a shaft and two ends

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19
Q

Long bones are primarily made up of

A

compact bones

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20
Q

Examples of long bones are

A

all the bones in the limbs except the patella, wrist and ankle bones

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21
Q

Long bones consists of a ______ and an _______.

A

Diaphysis and Epiphysis

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22
Q

Diaphysis is the tubular shaft that forms

A

the long axis of bone

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23
Q

Diaphysis is composed of

A

compact bone that surrounds the medullary cavity

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24
Q

Epiphysis is the expanded

A

ends of long bones

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25
Q

Epiphysis is composed of what 2 bones?

A

Compact (exterior) and spongy (interior)

26
Q

The epiphysis line separates the

A

diaphysis from the epiphysis

27
Q

Epiphysis joint surface is covered with

A

articular (hyaline) cartilage

28
Q

Periosteum is the

A

white double-layered protective membrane around diaphysis

29
Q

Periosteum outer fibrous layer is

A

dense irregular tissue

30
Q

Periosteum inner osteogenic layer is

A

on the bone surface, primarily composed of osteoblasts and osteoclasts

31
Q

Sharpey’s fibers are collagen fibers that

A

secure the periosteum to bone

32
Q

Endosteum is the delicate membrane covering the

A

internal surface of the bone

33
Q

Osteocytes are

A

mature bone cells

34
Q

Osteocytes lie in

A

lacunae at junctions of lamellae

35
Q

Canaliculi are hair-like canals that

A

nutrients and wastes pass through

36
Q

Identify all components of microscopic structure of compact bone

A
37
Q

Intramembranous ossification

A

bone develops from a fibrous membrane

38
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage

39
Q

Stages of Intramembranous Ossification (4)

A
  1. an ossification center appears in the fibrous connective tissue membrane
  2. bone matrix (osteoid) is secreted within the fibrous membrane
  3. woven bone and periossteum form
  4. bone collar of compact bone forms and red marrow appears
40
Q

Stages of Eddochondral Ossification (5)

A
  1. formation of bone collar
  2. cavitation of the hyaline cartilage shaft
  3. invasion of internal cavities by the periosteal bud, and spongy bone formation
  4. formation of the medullary cavity; appearance of secondary ossification centers
  5. ossification of the epiphyses
41
Q

Osteogenic zone is when

A

new bone formation occurs

42
Q

Osteoclasts degrage the spongy bone, that results in medulalry cavity growing longer as bone grow, this happens in the

A

osterogenic zone

43
Q

Hormonal control of blood calcium steps (4)

A
  1. rising blood calcium levels trigger the thyroid to release calcitonin
  2. calcitonin stimulates calcium salt deposit in bone
  3. falling blood calcium levels signal the parathyroid glands to release PTH
  4. PTH signals osteoclasts to degrade bone matrix and release calcium into the blood
44
Q

Define Wolff’s Law

A

a bone grows or remodels in response to the forces or demands placed on it

45
Q

Bone fractures are classified by: (4)

A
  • the position of the bone ends after the fracture
  • the completeness of the break
  • the orientation of the bone to the long axis
  • whether or not the bones ends penetrate the skin
46
Q

compound bone fracture is when

A

the bone penetrates the skin

47
Q

a simple bone fracture is when

A

the bone ends do not penetrate the skin

48
Q

Common types of fractures:

comminuted

A

bone fragments into three or more pieces

49
Q

comminuted fractures are common

A

in the elderly

50
Q

Common types of fractures:

spiral

A

ragged break when bone is excessively twisted

51
Q

spiral fractures are a common

A

sports injury

52
Q

Common types of fractures:

greenstick

A

imcomplete fracture where one side of the bone breaks and the other side bends

53
Q

greensticks fractures are common

A

in children

54
Q

commuicated fracture

A
55
Q

spiral fracture

A
56
Q

greenstick fracture

A
57
Q

4 stages in the healing of a bone fracture

A
  1. hematoma formation
  2. fibrocartilaginous callus formation
  3. bony callus formation
  4. bone remodeling
58
Q

Bones become so fragile in osteoporosis, that _______ can cause fractures.

A

sneezing

59
Q

Paget’s disease is characterized by

A

excessive bone formation and breakdown

60
Q
A

A & P Unit 2 (5 decks)

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