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Neuro > Neuro Pharm > Flashcards

Neuro Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

latanoprost

A

prostaglandin analogue

↑ uveoscleral and trabecular outflow of aqueous humor

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2
Q

Brimonidine

A 
α2-agonist
↓ aqueous humor production
dizziness
fatigue
dry mouth
bradycardia
allergic reactions
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3
Q

Timolol

A

ß-blocker
↓ aqueous humor production
very few side effects

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4
Q

Treatment of glaucoma

A

start with ß-blocker

switch to α2-agonist or prostaglandin analogue if needed

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5
Q

Pilocarpine

A 
used in closed angle glaucoma
constricts pupil (miosis)
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6
Q

Drugs for Alzheimer dx

A

AChE inhibitors (Don Gala of the Riva)

  • Donepazil
  • Rivastigmine → transdermal patch, used in parkinson dx ***
  • Galantamine

Memantine → NMDA antagonist (↓ glutamate)

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7
Q

Rivastigmine

A

Alzheimer medication used also in Parkinson disease
AChE antagonist
available as transdermal patch

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8
Q

Celecoxib

A

coxib class of 2nd gen NSAIDs
less gastric ulceration ***
does NOT inhibit platelet aggregation
↑ risk of MI and stroke **

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9
Q

Acetaminophen

A

↓ pain and fever
does NOT ↓ inflammation **
does NOT impair renal function **

Overdose treated with acetylcysteine ***

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10
Q

TCAs

A

antidepressant also used for chronic pain (MOA unknown) ***

drug examples: duloxetine and venlafaxine

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11
Q

Gabapentin

A

broad spectrum anti-seizure med ***

treats *** post herpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy, migrain, fibromyalgia, and restless leg syndrome

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12
Q

Tapentadol

A

Reserved fro patients who are not effectively treated with other opioids and non-opioids ***

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13
Q

Clonidine

A

α2 agonist used for HTN and severe pain
adminstered through continuous infusion through epidural catheter ***
treats severe cancer pain in those not treated effectively with opioid alone

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14
Q

Initial treatment of status epilepticus

A

Lorazepam or diazepam IV
Midazolam if no IV access
In second IV: Fosphenytoin, phenytoin, valproic acid, or levetiracetam.

Second therapy: choose another first line treatment drug, but repeat fosphenytoin if it was used first

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15
Q

How to treat epilepsy

A

↓ glutamate, aspartate (excitatory)
↑ GABA (inhibitory)
Block low threshold T-type Ca+2 channels

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16
Q

-azepine

A

anti-epileptic
↓ glutamate by blocking voltage gated Na+ (in the open state)
carbamazepine is a CYP450 inducer with self-metabolism, and hematologic adverse effects
oxycarbazepine has less side effects

17
Q

Lamotrigine

A

anti-epileptic

↓ glutamate by blocking voltage gated Na+ (in the open state)

18
Q

Phenytoin

A 
anti-epileptic
↓ glutamate by blocking voltage gated Na+ (in the open state)
zero-order kinetics
gum hyperplasia
hypocalcemia/vit D deficit, osteoporosis
19
Q

Topiramate

A

anti-epileptic
↓ glutamate by blocking voltage gated Na+ (in the open state)
AMPA receptor blocker, inhibits post synaptic target of glutamate
↑ GABA by enhancing post-synaptic Cl- channel

20
Q

Valproic acid

A

anti-epileptic
↓ glutamate by blocking voltage gated Na+ (in the open state)
↑ GABA by inhibiting GABA-T (which metabolizes GABA)
blocks T-type Ca+2 channels

21
Q

-amide

A

anti-epileptic
↓ glutamate by blocking voltage gated Na+ (in the open state)
locasamide, zonisamide, rufinamide

22
Q

Lacosamide

A

anti-epileptic
↓ glutamate by blocking voltage gated Na+ (in the open state)
also works in the inactive channel state

23
Q

Perampanel

A

anti-epileptic

↓ glutmate effectiveness by blocking AMPA channel, a post-synaptic target of glutamate

24
Q

Felbamate

A

anti-epilpetic

↓ glutamate effectiveness by blocking NMDA receptor, a post-synaptic target of glutamate

25
Q

Vigabatrin

A

anti-epileptic
↑ GABA by inhibiting GABA-T (which metabolizes GABA)
viGABATrin
permanent Vision loss

26
Q

Tiagabine

A

anti-epileptic

↑ GABA by inhibiting reuptake via GAT-1

27
Q

Phenobarbital
Primidone
-zepams

A

anti-epileptics
enhance post-synaptic GABA Cl channel activity
phenobarbital → fatality risk

28
Q

Ethosuxamide

A

anti-epileptic
blocks T-type Ca+2 receptors
used for absence seizures

29
Q

zonisamide

A

anti-epileptic
blocks T-type Ca+2 channel
blocks voltage gated Na+ channel

30
Q

-acetam

A

Levetiracetam
Brivaracetam
synaptic vesicle 2A protein blockers

31
Q

Cannabidiol

A

used only in Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome

32
Q

broad risk of all anti-epileptics

A

abrupt withdrawl may cause epilepticus

suicidal behavior and ideation

33
Q

Anti-epileptics with CYP450 induction and its risks

A

Carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin
pregnancy on contraceptives
↑ risk of clots in patients on warfarin
↑ HIV replication

Neuro (4 decks)

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