Pathology of Restrictive Lung Diseases Flashcards
What is the Intersitium of the Lung?
Connective tissue space around the airway and the vessels and the space between the basement membranes of the alveolar walls.
What can Restrictive Lung Disease Cause?
Reduced Lung Compliance Low FEV1 and FVC which in turn can cause either a normal or higher ratio of FEV1/FVC Reduced Gas Transfer Ventilation/ Perfusion Imbalance
How can Diffuse Lung Disease be presented?
Discovery through imaging ( X-ray or CT scan)
Dyspnoea (shortness of breath on exertion or at rest)
Respiratory Failure Type 1
Heart Failure
What are the different ways that an Interstitial Lung Disease be caused by?
Acute Response
Chronic Response
What is an example of Acute Response that causes Restrictive Lung Disease?
Diffuse Alveolar Damage (DAD)
Aetiology Of DADs? (8)
Major Trauma
Chemical Injury
Circulatory Shock
Drugs
Infection
Autoimmune disease
Radiation
Idiopathic (unknown)
Histological Features of DADs?
Protein Oedema
Fibrin
Hyaline Membranes
Denuded Basement Membranes
Epithelial Proliferation
Fibroblast Proliferation
Scarring - Interstitium and airspaces
What are the examples of a Granulomatous Response which causes Restrive Lung Disease (Chronic Response)?
Sarcoidosis
Hypersensitivity
Pneumonitis
What is Sarcoidosis?
Multisystem Granulomatous Disorder of unknown aetiology`
What is the Histopathology of Sarcoidosis
Epithelioid and Giant cell Granulomas
Necoris (unusual)
Associated with Fibrosis
Little Lymphoid Infiltrate