Development and Special Needs Flashcards
What are features of normal development?
Constant patters Sequentional Median age vs. age limit Genetic factors Environmental factors
What is a developmental delay?
When function aspects of the childs development in one or more domains are significantly delayed compared to the expected level for age
What are the developmental domains?
Motor Language Cognitive Social Emotional
What is global developmental delay?
Performance below 2SD mean of age appropriate, normal referenced testing
What is the scope of GDD?
1-3%
1% have autistic spectrum disorder
Only 1/3 identified before school
What is the presentation of GDD?
During routine health surveillance Children with ID'd RF's Paternal concern Professional contact Opportunistic health contact Healthy child programme
How is child development assessed?
History and exam Prenatal, perinatal and postnatal Developmental milestones Red book Environmental, social and FH Video recordings Observation
What are primary care assessment tools?
ASQ (Age stage questionnaire)
PEDS (parents evaluation)
M-CHAT (autism)
SOGS-2 (Growing skills)
What is the quantification of developmental abilities?
Delay = global or isolated Disorder = abnormal progression and presentation Regression = loss of milestones
What is done in the examination of a child?
Head circumference Dysmorphic features Skin abnormalities Movement Ability to sit and stand Eye movement General examination Abdominal examination Observation of behaviour
What are some common syndroms?
Downs syndrome
Fragile X syndrome
William’s syndrome
What is the percentage of vision disorders?
13-50%
What is the percentage of hearing impairment?
18%
What are red flag signs in children?
Loss of skills Concerns with vision and hearing Floppiness No speech by 18-24 months Asymmetry of movement Persistent toe walking
What are investigations are carried out on children?
Diagnostic test Timing Genetic testing Creatine kinase Thyroid screening Metabolic testing Opthalmological Auditory Congenital infection Neuroimaging