Infant Nutrition Flashcards
Breastfeeding products infants against…
Bacteremia Bacterial meningitis Diarrhea RTIs Necrotizing enterocolitis Otitis media UTIs T1 and T2D Childhood overweight and obesity
Benefits of breastfeeding for the mother
Maternal infant bonding
Decreased post partum bleeding and more rapid uterine involution
Decreased menstrual blood loss and increased child spacing
Earlier return to pre pregnancy weight
Decreased risk of breast and ovarian cancers
Breastfeeding timeline
Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of like in healthy, term infants (preterm infants need some extra supplements)
Can continue for up to two years and beyond
3 infant conditions that are contraindications to breastfeeding
Galactosemia
Maple syrup disease
Phenylketonuria
Maternal conditions that are contraindications to breastfeeding
HIV (in developed country) HTLV 1 and 2 TB HSV with breast lesions Certain meds
Colostrum
The initial milk produced around the time of delivery
Contains immunological components (lymphocytes, IgA, IgG, IgM, etc)
Higher protein, lower fat
Allowing higher concentration of nutrient in a low volume
Mild laxative effect promoting passing of meconium
What formula is standard?
Cow milk formula
Available as ready to use liquids or powder/liquid concentrates
How much vitamin D should we give exclusively breast fed, healthy term infants?
400 IU
Vitamin B12 in newborns
Deficiency is rare but treatable cause of failure to thrive/DD
May also develop vomiting, hypotonia, tremors, chorea, myoclonus at 2012 months
Attention to infants whose mom’s are vegan or have pernicious anemia
Iron deficiency in infants
During the first 6-12 months of life
Likely to experience persistent effects of the deficiency that alter functioning in adulthood
May significantly delay to development of the CNS
Success of repletion efforts are time dependent!!
When can solid food be introduced to babies?
~6 months
Developmentally ready to eat
Should you delay food to prevent allergy development?
NO!
If transitioning to cow milk as child’s main milk source, how old should be the baby be?
9-12 months
Start with homo milk (no skim or partly skimmed)
If fortified soy drink is main milk source wait until 2 years
Rice or nut beverages should not be used as main milk source
How can we improve dysbiosis
Support exclusive breastfeeding
Reduce antibiotic use
Avoid over-sanitization
