Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paedriatrics > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What is the medical name for croup?

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the negatives of antibiotic use?

A 
Diarrhoea
Oral thrush
Nappy rash
Allergic reaction
Multi-resistance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can rhinitis be a prodrome to?

A

Pneumonia
Bronchiolitis
Meningitis
Septicaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many times a year might a child have rhinitis?

A

5-10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How will otitis media look on examination?

A

Erythema

Bulging drum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is otitis media treated in children?

A

Self-limiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is otitis media viral or bacterial?

A

Primary viral infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the treatment for otitis media?

A

Analgesia

Usually antibiotics don’t help

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two types of tonsillitis/pharyngitis?

A

Viral or bacterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the treatment for tonsillitis/pharyngitis?

A

Analgesia
Nothing
OR 10 days penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How to diagnose tonsillitis/pharyngitis?

A

Throat swab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which antibiotic don’t you give for tonsillitis/pharyngitis?

A

Amoxycillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the most common virus that causes croup?

A

Parainfluenza I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of croup?

A

Coryza++
Stridor
Hoarse voice
Barking cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the treatment for croup?

A

Oral dexamethasone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the most common virus that causes epiglottitis?

A

H. influenzae type B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of epiglottitis?

A

Stridor

Drooling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the treatment for epiglottitis?

A

Intubation

Antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why is epiglottitis rare these days?

A

Hib vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the treatment for most URTI’s in children?

A

Self-limiting, no treatment

Analgesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are common bacterial agents in LRTI?

A 
Strep pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Chlamydia pneumonia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are common viral infections that cause LRTI?

A 
RSV
Parainfluenzae III
Influenza A & B
Adenovirus
Rhinovirus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the principles of management of LRTI?

A

Make diagnosis
Assess patient: oxygen, hydration, nutrition
Treatment options

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of bronchitis?

A

Loose rattly cough
Post-tussive vomit
Chest free of wheeze/creps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the normal causes of bronchitis?

A

Haemophilus

Pneumococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the mechanism of bacterial bronchitis?

A

Disturbed mucociliary clearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the treatment for bronchitis?

A

Mostly self-limiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the red flags in bronchitis?

A 
Age <6mo, >4yr
No relapse-remission
Static weight
Disrupts child's life
Associated SOB (not coughing)
Acute admission
Other co-morbities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the treatment for usual persistent bacterial bronchitis?

A

Reassure

Don’t treat!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the causes of bronchiolitis?

A

RSV
Paraflu III
HMPV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are signs/symptoms of bronchiolitis?

A 
Nasal stuffiness
Tachypnoea
Poor feeding
Crackles +/- wheeze
Cough
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the possible interventions for bronchiolitis?

A

Oxygenation
Supportive care: hydration, NG tube, unblock nose
No medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the best indicator of progress for bronchiolitis?

A

Feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

When do symptoms peak in bronchiolitis?

A

Days 4-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How long might the cough last in bronchiolitis?

A

1-2 weeks

36
Q

Is bronchiolitis usually recurrent?

A

No

37
Q

At what age does bronchiolitis usually occur?

A

<12 mo

38
Q

What is RSV?

A

Respiratory syncytial virus

39
Q

What time of year do RSV/bronchiolitis usually present?

A

Winter

40
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of LTRI?

A 
48hrs
Fever
SOB
Cough 
Grunting
Reduced/bronchial breath sounds
41
Q

What is the management of a LRTI?

A

Nothing if symptoms mild
Oral amoxycillin first line
Oral macrolide second
IV if vomiting

42
Q

When should oral antibiotic be given over IV?

A

Antibiotics indicated
Non-severe LRTI
Child is not vomiting

43
Q

What are the benefits of oral antibiotics?

A

Shorter hospital stay

Cheaper

44
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of pertussis?

A 
Cough >2wks
Worse at night
Inspiratory whoop
Vomiting
Colour change
45
Q

How does a vaccination help pertussis?

A

Reduces risk

Reduces severity

46
Q

When should you give antibiotics for tonsillitis?

A

If you know it is Strep!

47
Q

When should you give antibiotics for otitis media?

A

<2yrs

Bilateral OM

48
Q

Which antibiotic for otitis media?

A

Oral amoxycillin

49
Q

When should give antibiotics for LRTI/pneumonia?

A

2 days fever, cough, focal signs (ie one side)

50
Q

What antibiotic for LRTI/pneumonia?

A

Oral amoxycillin

51
Q

What are the things key things to help diagnosis asthma?

A

Wheeze
Variability
Responds to treatment

52
Q

What are some of the causes of asthma?

A

Genes
Environment
Epigenetics

53
Q

What is the treatment of asthma in children?

A

Watchful waiting if no QoL implications of symptoms

54
Q

What is the test for asthma in children?

A 
No diagnostic test
HOWEVER
Spirometry
BDR
FeNO
Peak Flow
55
Q

What is BDR?

A

Bronchodilator responsiveness

56
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of asthma?

A 
PSignificant resp difficulty
Airway obstruction
SOB at rest
Looking in of ribs with wheeze
Cough - dry, nocturnal, exertion
57
Q

What are other risk factors or associated symptoms of asthma?

A

Parent asthma
Eczema
Hayfever
Food allergies

58
Q

What is the other factor which confirms a diagnosis of asthma?

A

Responds to treatment

59
Q

What are the potential disadvantages of trial of treatment for asthma?

A

Cost
Hassle
Loss in height
Oral thrush

60
Q

What are the potential advantages of trial of treatment for asthma?

A

Helps diagnosis
Symptoms responds
Improves QoL
Reduces risk of attacks

61
Q

What are the options to approach wheeze?

A

Watch and see

Trial of treatment

62
Q

When is it more likely a respiratory infection than asthma?

A

<18 mo

63
Q

When is it more likely asthma age-wise?

A

> 5yrs

64
Q

What is a DD for asthma if onset <5yrs?

A 
Congenital
CF
PCD (Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia)
Bronchitis
Foreign body
65
Q

What is a DD for asthma if onset >5yrs?

A

Dysfunctional breathing
Vocal cord dysfunction
Habitual cough
Pertussis

66
Q

What is VIW?

A

Viral induced wheeze

67
Q

What is the trial of treatment for asthma?

A

Inhaled steroids

68
Q

What is the SANE mnemonic for measuring control of asthma in children?

A

Short acting beta agonist/wk
Absence from nursery or school/wk
Nocturnal symptoms/wk
Excertional symptoms/wk

69
Q

If asthma is not well controlled what must be assessed before treatment is increased?

A

Are they taking treatment?
Are they taking treatment correctly?
Do they have asthma?

70
Q

What is different about asthma medication in children?

A 
Max dose ICS 800microg (<12)
No oral B2 tablet
LTRA first line preventer <5
No LAMAs
Only two biologicals
71
Q

When would a regular preventer be prescribed in a child?

A

Symptomatic 3x+/wk or waking 1x/wk

72
Q

What is the regular preventer you would start with in <5s with asthma?

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA)

73
Q

What is the regular preventer you would start with in >5s with asthma?

A

Very low dose ICS

74
Q

Why are ICS as a regular preventer in children?

A

Useful for diagnosis
Effective
Safe

75
Q

What are the adverse effects of ICS?

A

Height suppression
?oral candidiasis
?adrenocortical suppression

76
Q

What is the initial add on preventer in asthma?

A

Add LABA

77
Q

What should you remember about long acting beta agonists (LABA)?

A

Do not use without ICS

Use as fixed dose inhaler

78
Q

What is the leukotriene receptor antagonist you would use?

A

Montelukast

79
Q

What are additional add-on therapies in asthma?

A

Increase ICS

LTRA

80
Q

What are the two types of delivery systems that can be used in asthma for children?

A

Metered dose inhaler (MDI)/spacer

Dry powder device

81
Q

What advice should you give when prescribing a spacer for asthma?

A

Shake inhaler between puffs

Wash spacer monthly to reduce static

82
Q

What other management options are there for asthma in children beyond medication?

A

Stop tobacco smoke exposure

Remove environmental triggers - pets

83
Q

What factors should you consider when prescribing medicine for acute asthma in children?

A 
RR
Work of breathing
HR
O2 sats
Ability to complete sentences
Confusion
Air entry
84
Q

What should the response be to acute asthma?

A

Start treatment and reassess in 1hr

Step up or down as appropriate

85
Q

What is the medication for mild acute asthma?

A
  1. SABA via spacer

2. SABA via spacer + pred

86
Q

What is the medication for moderate acute asthma?

A
  1. SABA via neb + pred

2. SABA + ipra via neb + pred

87
Q

What is the medication for severe acute asthma?

A 
IV salbutamol
IV aminophylline
IV magnesium
IV hydrocortisone
Intubate and ventilate

Paedriatrics (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions