GB 13. Post-Absorption Processing of Lipids

Question 1

What are triglycerides made up of? Why is it important?

Answer 1

Structure:

• 3 fatty acids
• 1 glycerol

Important…
- principal storage form of energy in the body

Question 2

How are triglycerides able to move in the circulation?

Answer 2

• they are TOO LARGE + HYDROPHOBIC so they cannot move in the circulation
• transported in LIPOPROTEIN particles

Question 3

What are lipoproteins made up of?

Answer 3

[1] lipid

[2] apolipoprotein

Question 4

What are apolipoproteins?

Answer 4

• they make up lipoproteins

- proteins that bind lipids to form lipoproteins

Question 5

Are triacylglycerols and triglycerides the same thing?

Answer 5

yes - they are the same thing

Question 6

What are the primary products of lipid digestion? What is fat absorbed principally as?

Answer 6

[1] Free Fatty Acids
[2] 2-Monoacylglycerol
[3] Cholesterol

Absorbed principally as:
[1] 2-Monoacylglycerol
[2] Free Fatty Acids

Question 7

How are triglycerides re-synthesized?

Answer 7

synthesized from:
[1] acyl-coA
[2] 2-monoacylglycerol

Question 8

What is the process by which Fatty Acids are activated in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) of the intestinal mucosal cells?

Answer 8

• they are activated by Acyl-CoA
• FAs are changed into Acyl-CoA (by the enzyme Acyl-CoA Synthetase)
• – acyl-coA synthetase is an enzyme that is activated by ATP