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Nutrition Exam 1 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Gastrointestinal Tract include?

A
  • Mouth
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small intestines
  • Large intestine (colon)
  • Rectum
  • Anus
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2
Q

What is Mechanical digestion?

A

The physical breakdown of food

(Chewing “bolus”)

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3
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

Usage and breakdown of foods by enzymes (ex: Amalyase “saliva”)

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4
Q

Esophagus?

A

A muscular tube through which bolus travels from mouth to stomach

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5
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Involuntary muscle movement that pushes the food bolus from the mouth to the stomach

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6
Q

What is the Cardiac sphincter?

A

Circular muscles at the bottom of the esophagus that prevent food back flow

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7
Q

Functions of the stomach?

A
  • helps to store and churn food
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8
Q

The stomach consists of the __________, __________ and ___________.

A

Fundus
Body
Pylorus

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9
Q

Food spends how much time in the stomach?

A

2-6 hours

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10
Q

What does the pyloric sphincter do?

A

Holds the chyme in the stomach until it’s ready to be passed into the small intestines.

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11
Q

Where does the majority of nutrient absorption occur?

A

Small intestines

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12
Q

What does the small intestine consist of?

A
  • Duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
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13
Q

Roughly how long does it take for food to through the small intestines?

A

About 5 hours

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14
Q

__________________ = Major Organ of digestion and most absorption?

A

The Small intestines

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15
Q

The small intestines consist of ________ and __________.

A

Villi

Microvilli

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16
Q

What are Accessory Digestive Organs?

A
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Pancreas
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17
Q

___________ = the body’s filter?

A

Liver

18
Q

What does the Liver do?

A

Regulates most chemical levels in the blood and produces bile

19
Q

What Accessory organ stores bile?

A

Gallbladder

20
Q

What does the Pancreas do?

A

Secrets enzymes, hormones, and bicarbonate

21
Q

What does bicarbonate do?

A

Provides a buffer for the high acidity

22
Q

What does the large intestine consist of?

A
  • Cecum
  • Colon
  • Rectum
23
Q

Passage of food through the Large intestine takes about how long?

A

9 to 16 hours

24
Q

____________ has the longest transfer time of food through the digestive tract?

A

Large intestine

25
Q

_______________ is the site of final absorption of water and some minerals?

A

Large intestine

26
Q

Where is most water absorbed?

A

The Large Intestine

27
Q

Where does the formation and excretion of feces from the colon occur?

A

The Large Intestine

28
Q

What is Absorption?

A

Process by which substances pass through the intestinal mucosa into the blood or lymph

29
Q

In regards to absorption, Intestinal mucosa is most likely located where?

A

Small intestines

30
Q

Vitamin and mineral absorption depends on what?

A

The body’s storage level and need

—> if the body needs it, it will absorb it. If not you’ll excrete it

31
Q

The structure of the small intestine allows for what?

A

Efficient absorption to occur

32
Q

Nutrient transport system consists of what?

A
  • Liver
  • General circulatory (blood) System
  • Lymphatic System
33
Q

Expulsion of feces or body waste products is called what?

A

Defecation

34
Q

What is Metabolism?

A

Set of processes through which absorbed nutrients are used by the body for energy and to form and maintain body structures and functions

35
Q

What is catabolism?

A

Breakdown of food resulting in ATP

36
Q

What is Anabolism?

A

When substances are formed

37
Q

What age group has an immature GI tract?

A

Young infants

38
Q

In which age group are reflux issues common?

A

Young infants

  • due to immature GI tract
39
Q

Gallbladder disease and peptic ulcers are common when?

A

Middle years

40
Q

Older years are associated with what?

A
  • Constipation
  • Diverticulosis
  • lowered metabolic rates
  • weakened abdominal muscles

Nutrition Exam 1 (7 decks)

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