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Phase 2a Lauren > Peer teaching must knows > Flashcards

Peer teaching must knows Flashcards

1
Q

What ECG changes would be found in pericarditis?

A

Saddle shaped ST & PR depression

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2
Q

What ECG changes would be found in hyperkalaemia?

A

Tall tented T waves & pathological Q waves

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3
Q

What ECG changes would be found in hear attack?

A 
STEMI = ST elevation
Non-stemi = nothing
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4
Q

What ECG changes would be found in angina?

A

STRESS ECG for stable

ST Depression

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5
Q

What ECG changes would be found in atrial fibriliation?

A

Absent P wave, irregularly irregular

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6
Q

What is the classic pericarditis pain?

A

Pain when lead down, alleviated by leaning fowards

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7
Q

What is the heart murmur associated with mitral regurgitation?

A

Pansystolic

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8
Q

What is the heart murmur associated with mitral stenosis?

A

Early diastolic

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9
Q

What is the heart murmur associated with mitral valve replacement?

A

Early systolic click

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10
Q

What is the heart murmur associated with aortic stenosis?

A

Ejection systolic crescendo-decrescendo

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11
Q

What is first line anti-hypertensive for over 55s/Afro Carribeans?

A

Amlodipine - calcium channel blocker

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12
Q

When do you treat hypertension?

A

160/100
or
140/90 with symptoms

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13
Q

Are thiazide-like diuretics first line?

A

No

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14
Q

What is first line anti-hypertensive for under 55s/non-Afro Carribeans?

A

-Prils/-sartans = ACEi/ARB

Eg. ramipril/candesartan

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15
Q

What is the pharmocologcal name for GTN spray?

A

Isomorbide mononitrate

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16
Q

What is the mode of action of NSAIDs?

A

Inhibit COX - inhibits production of thromboxane A2

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17
Q

What is the mode of action of warfarin?

A

Prevents vit. K soluble clotting factors.

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18
Q

What is the mode of action of heparin?

A

Inhibits thrombin and factor Xa

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19
Q

What are hand presentations of infective endocarditis?

A
  • Janeaway lesions
  • Oslar nodes
  • Splinter haemorrages
  • Clubbing
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20
Q

What is the equation for CO?

A

CO = HR x SV

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21
Q

What is the equation for BP?

A

BP = CO x Total peripheral resistance

22
Q

What is the blood test for heart failure diagnosis?

A

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)

BNP = ventricle issue
ANP = atrium issue
23
Q

What is the blood test for heart attack diagnosis?

A

Troponin I

CK-MB

24
Q

What measurable hormone is high in hypertenstion?

A

ANP

25
Q

What causes cough? (Side affect of ACEi)

A

Bradykinin

26
Q

What is the test for coeliac?

A

IgA tissue transglutaminase or IgA endomysial antibody

27
Q

What is the test for SLE?

A

Anti-DsDNA

28
Q

What is the test for rheumatoid athritis?

A

Rheumatoid factor

29
Q

What is the test for vasculitis?

A

ANCA

30
Q

What class is loperamide?

A

Immodium = anti-motility/antidiarrheal agents

31
Q

What class is omeprazole?

A

Proton pump inhibitor

32
Q

What class is metronidazole?

A

Antibiotic - common in GI

33
Q

What class is methotrexate?

A

DMARD - rheumatoid arthritis

34
Q

What ethnicity is a volvulus large bowel obstruction common in?

A

South africans

35
Q

What symptoms does volvulus large bowel obstruction present with?

A

No stool. No surgery (indicates adhesions). Left-iliac abdominal region pain.

36
Q

What condition does smoking reduce the severity of symptoms for?

A

Ulcerative collitis

37
Q

What is the presentation of ascending cholangitis?

A

Right upper quadrant pain, fever, yellowing of skin and sclera, positive murphy’s sign.

38
Q

What hepatitis is DNA?

A

Hep B

39
Q

Which hepatitis is spead faeco-oral?

A

A & E

40
Q

Which hepatitis is spread with bodily fluids?

A

B & C & D

41
Q

What does Wilson’s disease cause?

A

Low calcium

Caiser-fisher rings

42
Q

What does haemochromatosis cause?

A

Low Fe2+

Common in northern europeans

43
Q

What is the treatment for peptic ulcers?

A

PAC MAN
PPI
Amoxicillin
Clathromycin

44
Q

What is the histology of gout?

A

Needle shaped crystals which have -ve birefringent

45
Q

What is the mode of action of bisphosphates?

A

Inhibit osteoclast activity and cause osteoclast apoptosis

46
Q

What bacteria results in conjuncitvitis, urethritis and bone stiffness/pain?

A

Chlamydia

47
Q

What is the gene associated with alkylosing spondylitis?

A

HLA B27

48
Q

What blood results confirm lupus?

A

High ESR, normal CRP

Anti DsDNA +ve

49
Q

What blood test confirms giant cell arthritis?

A

ANCA+ve

50
Q

What are the T-score ranges of a DEXA scan?

A

0 –> -1 = normal
-1 –> -2.5 = osteopenia
< -2.5 (esp. + fracture) = osteoporosis

Phase 2a Lauren (15 decks)

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