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Paedriatrics > Special needs > Flashcards

Special needs Flashcards

1
Q

What is a developmental delay?

A

Present when functional aspects of the child’s development in one or more domains (motor, language, cognitive, social, emotional) are significantly delayed compared to the expected level for age

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2
Q

What is GDD?

A

Global developmental delay

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3
Q

How is GDD measured?

A

Performance below 2SD below mean of age-appropriate, norm-referenced testing

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4
Q

What is a learning disability?

A

A significant impairment in intellectual functioning and affects the person’s ability to learn and problem solve in their daily life

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5
Q

How can a developmental delay present?

A 
Routine health surveillance
Children with identified risk factors
Parental concern
Professional contact: nursery
Opportunistic health contact
UK Healthy Child Programme (HCP)
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6
Q

How can you assess development?

A 
History and exam
Prenatal, perinatal and postnatal events
Developmental milestones
‘Red Book’
Environmental, social and family history
Video recordings
Observation in clinic
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7
Q

What are primary care assessment tools for developement?

A 
ASQ = ages and stages questionnaire
PEDS = parents evaluation of developmental status
M-CHAT = checklist of autism in toddlers
SOGS-2 = schedule of growing skills
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8
Q

What are the two types of delay?

A

Global or isolated

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9
Q

What is regression?

A

Loss of milestones

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10
Q

What are secondary care assessment tools?

A

Griffiths mental development scales
Bayley scales of infant development
Wechscler preschool and primary scales of intelligence

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11
Q

What should you ask in a history?

A 
FHx neurodevelopmental/genetic disorder
Hx miscarriages
Prenatal, perinatal, neonatal course
Drugs and alcohol during pregnancy
Developmental, behavioural, social, educational Hx
Record of medications
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12
Q

What investigations should you do?

A 
Metabolic/thyroid testing
Neuroimaging
Lead and iron screening
Growth records
Vision and hearing
Abuse and neglect?
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13
Q

What should you exam?

A 
Head circumference
Dysmorphic features
Skin abnormalities
Movement quality Ability to sit and stand from supine
Eye exam
General, CVS, resp, abdo
Observe behaviour
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14
Q

What are positive red flag signs?

A 
Loss of developmental skills
Concerns re vision and hearing
Floppiness
No speech by 18-24 months
Asymmetry of movement
Persistent toe walking
Head circumference >99.6th C
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15
Q

What are negative red flag signs?

A 
Sit unsupported by 12mo
Walk by 18mo boys, 2yr girls
Walk other than on tiptoes
Run by 2.5yrs
Hold objects in hand 5mo
Reach for objects 6mo
Points to object to share interest 2yrs
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16
Q

What investigations can you do based on clinical abnormalities?

A 
Chromosomal analysis
Fragile X
FISH
Array CGH
Creatinine kinase
Thyroid screening
Metabolic testing
17
Q

What are common motor problems?

A

Delayed maturation
Cerebral palsy
Developmental coordination disorder

18
Q

What are common language/cognitive problems?

A

Specific language impairment

Learning disability

19
Q

What are common sensory problems?

A

Deafness
Visual impairment
Multisensory impairment

20
Q

What are common social/communication problems?

A

Autism
Asperger syndrome
Elective mutism

21
Q

What are local services for developmental problems?

A

Community paediatric clinics
Child development teams
MDT assessment
Therapy services

22
Q

When does a child need additional support needs?

A

If they need additional support with their education

23
Q

What is PLP?

A

Personal learning planning

24
Q

What is IEP?

A

Individualised educational plane

Detailed plan for child’s learning

25
Q

What is CSP?

A

Coordinated support plan (CSP)

Legal document, aims to ensure professionals work together. Plan of how child’s support will be provided.

26
Q

What is a child’s plan?

A

Created if a child or young person needs some extra support to meet their needs

27
Q

What will the Child’s plan continue information about?

A

Why a child or young person needs support
The type of support they will need
How long they will need support and who should provide it

Paedriatrics (19 decks)

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