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Paedriatrics > Liver and infant nutrition > Flashcards

Liver and infant nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

How is growth led as an infant?

A

Nutrition led

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2
Q

How is growth led as a child?

A

Growth hormone led

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3
Q

How is growth led in puberty?

A

Sex steroid led

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4
Q

Why is nutrition important?

A 
Growth, change in body structure, composition, function
Disease prevention (breast feeding)
Primary treatment - metabolic disease, exclusion diets
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5
Q

How is birth size and weight determined?

A

Maternal size
Placental function
Gestation

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6
Q

What is the average weight gain for 0-3mo?

A

200g

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7
Q

What is the average weight gain for 3-6mo?

A

150g

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8
Q

What is the average weight gain for 6-9mo?

A

100g

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9
Q

What is the average weight gain for 9-12mo?

A

75-50g

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10
Q

After 1yr what is the weight gain and growth like?

A

2kg

5cm/yr until puberty

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11
Q

Why is breast milk best for full term babies?

A 
Well tolerated
Less allergenic
Low renal solute load
Improves cognitive development
Reduces infection
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12
Q

What are the benefits of breast milk vs formula?

A 
Suckling/bonding
‘Perfect’ nutrition for first 6mo
Passive immunity
Increases development of active immunity
Increases development of infant’s gut mucosa
Reduced infection
Antigen load minimal
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13
Q

What are the factors to consider about of formula?

A 
Can be good for up to a year
No anti-infection properties
Risk of contamination
No transition of BBVs/drugs
High antigen load
Expensive
Accurate feed volumes
Provides vit K
Less jaundice
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14
Q

What are the UNICEF baby friendly ‘ten steps’?

A

Advice to help mums breast feed

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15
Q

When is formula feeding common?

A

Breast feeding not possible

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16
Q

What is the basis of all formula feeds?

A

Cows milk based

17
Q

What are types of formulae?

A

Standard
Specialised
Pre-term formulae
Nutrient dense formulae

18
Q

What is the specialised milk formulae for?

A

For cows milk protein allergy

19
Q

What is the first line feed choice for a cows milk protein allergy?

A

Extensively hydrolysed protein feeds

E.g. Aptamil Pepti 1 and 2

20
Q

What are second line feeds for cows milk protein allergy?

A

Amino acid based feeds

21
Q

Who should receive second line feeds?

A

Babies with severe colitis/enteropathy

22
Q

What is lactose intolerance due to?

A

Reduced level of lactase

23
Q

What is secondary lactose intolerance?

A

Short lived condition e.g. post gastroenterritis

24
Q

Who should soya milk be recommended to?

A

Milk allergy when hydrolysed formulae refused
Vegan families (not breast fed)
Children >1yr on milk free diet

25
Q

At what age can you introduce non formula milks?

A

Over 1yr

26
Q

Rice milk is not advised to children under what age?

A

<5yrs

27
Q

Who are goats’ and sheep’s milk not recommended to?

A

<1yrs

28
Q

What is the problem with organic milks?

A

No calcium supplemented

29
Q

What calories and calcium are found in full fat cows milk /100ml?

A

65kcal/100ml

120mg/100ml

30
Q

How much calcium fortified ‘milk’ do you need to meet calcium requirements?

A

400-500ml

31
Q

What can you supplement with if not meeting calcium requirements?

A

Alliance calcium liquid or (if >3yr) calcium softies

Breast feeding mums: Accrete or Cacit D3

32
Q

When should weaning start?

A

5-6mo

33
Q

When should lumps and finger foods be started?

A

6-7mo

34
Q

When should a cup be introduced?

A

7mo

35
Q

Why wean?

A

Milk alone inadequate
Need source of vitamins
Encourage tongue and jaw movements for speech

36
Q

Who should take Vit D?

A

Dark skinned children not on vitamin drops

Prolonged breast feeding and mum not on vit D

37
Q

When can you not synthesise vit D?

A

Sept-April

38
Q

Who should be supplemented with vitamins?

A

All breast fed babies from 1mo
Bottle fed babies taking <500ml formula
All children 1-4yrs

39
Q

What are examples of healthy start vitamins?

A

Abidec/Dalivit 0.3ml (<1yr), 0.6ml (>1yr)

Paedriatrics (19 decks)

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