Surgery

Question 1

What is the typical blood volume in children?

Answer 1

80mls/kg

Question 2

What is the typical urine output of a child?

Answer 2

0.5-1ml/kg/hr

Question 3

What is the typical insensible fluid loss in a child?

Answer 3

20ml/kg/dy

Question 4

What is the typical systolic BP in a child?

Answer 4

80 + (2 x age)

Question 5

What drug is not recommended in <12yrs?

Answer 5

Codeine

Question 6

What is the dosage of paracetamol in children?

Answer 6

20mg/kg 4-6hrly

Question 7

What is the dosage of ibuprofen in children?

Answer 7

10mg/kg 8hrly

Question 8

What are sentinel signs?

Answer 8

Feed refusal
Bile vomits
Colour
Tone
Temp

Question 9

What is Murphy’s triad for appendicitis?

Answer 9

Pain
Vomiting
Fever

Question 10

What are signs of appendicitis?

Answer 10

Murphy’s Triad

Tenderness over McBurney’s point

Question 11

What are complications of appendicitis?

Answer 11

Abscess
Mass
Peritonitis

Question 12

What are symptoms that are clues to appendicitis?

Answer 12

Moderate temp
Vomiting
Looks unwell

Question 13

What is NSAP?

Answer 13

Non specific abdominal pain

Question 14

What are features of NSAP?

Answer 14

Short duration
Central
Constant
Not made worse by movement
No GI disturbance
No temp
Site and severity of tenderness may vary

Question 15

What sex does NSAP occur in more?

Answer 15

Girls

Question 16

What can NSAP mimic?

Answer 16

Early appendicitis

Question 17

What is mesenteric adenitis?

Answer 17

Inflammation and swelling of lymph nodes inside abdomen

Question 18

What are signs of mesenteric adenitis?

Answer 18

High temp
URTI often
Not ‘unwell’

Question 19

What are signs of pyloric stenosis?

Answer 19

Non bilious vomiting - ‘projectile’

Weight loss

Question 20

What sex does pyloric stenosis occur in more?

Answer 20

Males

Question 21

What are blood gas signs of pyloric stenosis?

Answer 21

Alkalosis
Hypochloraemia
Hypolakaemia

Question 22

What is the management of pyloric stenosis?

Answer 22

Test feed
IV fluid
US
Periumbilical pyloromyotomy

Question 23

What are signs of malrotation?

Answer 23

Bile vomiting - green

Question 24

What is the investigation for malrotation?

Answer 24

Upper GI contrast study

Question 25

What is the management for malrotation?

Answer 25

Laparotomy

Question 26

What are the signs/symptoms of intussusception?

Answer 26

``` Colic Dying spells - acute hypoxia Bilious vomiting Long cap refill Bloody mucous PR ```

Question 27

What is the investigation for intussusception and what is a classic sign?

Answer 27

US abdomen | ‘Target sign’

Question 28

What is the management for intussusception?

Answer 28

Pneumostatic reduction | Laparotomy

Question 29

What is gastroschisis?

Answer 29

Abdominal wall defect, bowel develops outside body

Question 30

What is the management for gastroschisis?

Answer 30

Primary/delayed closure | TPN

Question 31

What is examphalos?

Answer 31

Umbilical defect with covered viscera

Question 32

What are associated anomalies with exomphalos?

Answer 32

``` Cardiac Chromosomal Renal Neurological Beckwith-Weideman syndrome ```

Question 33

What is the management of exomphalos?

Answer 33

Primary/delayed closure