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Mandarin Grammar > Reading Grammar Mandarin IIB > Flashcards

Reading Grammar Mandarin IIB Flashcards

1
Q

X以Y為Z

A
  • X takes Y as Z

- X regards Y as Z

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2
Q

則，而

A
  • Both mean: whereas, while, etc.
  • the first is placed in the middle of a sentence, before the predicate
  • the second is at the beginning of a sentence
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3
Q

field of expertise + 家

A

an expert in that field, -ist

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4
Q

所Verb的Noun

A
  • the noun that is being verbed.

- the noun has to be the object of the verb

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5
Q

adj/noun + 化

A

adj/noun + -ize, -ify, -ing

- the last one creates a verb

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6
Q

關於X

A
  • about X
  • on X
  • with regard to X
  • concerning X
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7
Q

對X而言

對X來説

A
  • regarding X
  • as far as X is concerned
  • first one is formal and the second one informal
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8
Q

一是
二是
三是
etc.

A

first
second
third
etc.

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9
Q 
首先
其次
再次
再次
。。。
最後
A 
firstly
secondly
thirdly
fourthly
...
and finally
- when presenting points for an argument
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10
Q

經過

通過

A
  • to go through a structure
  • to go through effort to reach an agreement
  • puts emphasis on the means of getting somewhere
  • to pass by, to pass through
  • to have passed something, to go through time or experience
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11
Q

算（是）

A
  • to be considered as
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12
Q

此外
除此之外
除此以外

A

besides, in addition

- used to provide additional information or an additional point in an argument

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13
Q

針對

A

directed against, aimed at, targeted at, intended for

- serves to introduce an object, indicating the object is the target or aim of an action

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14
Q

換句話説

換言之

A

in other words

- first one is less formal than the second one

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15
Q

來自

A

come from

- indicates the origin of a person or an event

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16
Q

之類的

A

and the like, things like that

  • when enumerating or describing things that have similar characteristics, this word is used to indicate the enumeration has reached the end
  • puts emphasis on the similarities between the things mentioned and referred to
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17
Q

等（等）

A

and so on, etc.

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18
Q

為X設立Y

A
  • established Y, for X

- for X, Y has been established

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19
Q

在X的現狀下

在X的情況下

A

under the current conditions/circumstance of X

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20
Q

隨著X，Y

A
  • along with X, Y
  • the state of X is changing, and so is Y
  • sometime with 而 before Y
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21
Q

X以Y。。。Z
X拿Y。。。Z
X用Y。。。Z

A
  • X does Z with Y
  • X uses Y to do Z
  • first one is formal, others are more spoken
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22
Q

(再）加上

A

in addition, moreover

  • introduces one more factor
  • serves to strengthen the speakers argument
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23
Q

並且

A
  • and, moreover, furthermore

- can connect clauses and verbal phrases

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24
Q

X為Y帶來Z

X給Y帶來Z

A
  • X creates Z for Y
  • doing X makes Z for Y
  • first one is formal, second colloquial
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25
Q

不僅X也Y

不但X也Y

A

not only X, but also Y

- first one is formal, second is colloquial

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26
Q

不（是）X 而（是）Y

A
  • not X, but Y

- implies contrast

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27
Q

將

A

formal version of 把

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28
Q

Noun + （沒）有人

A

some/no one is at the Noun

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29
Q

毫 + negation

並 + negation

A
  • not at all
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30
Q

X沒有Y Adj

A

X is not as Adj as Y

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31
Q

差不多

差一點

A
  • almost

- first one can also mean approximately

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32
Q

大約X
X左右
差不多X OR X差不多

A
  • approximately x
  • about X
  • the last one is more colloquial
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33
Q

sentence with 一，sentence with 就

A

… as soon as … , … then …

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34
Q

不Verb而Verb

A

not Verb, but Verb

35
Q

Subject + 好不容易（才）+ Verb

A
  • after much trouble

- with great effort

36
Q

一MW一MW（地）

A

one by one

37
Q

(並）不是X而是Y

A

not (at all) X, but Y

38
Q

(X) 跟 Y 比起來

A

if X and Y:
- if you compare X with Y, then…
if only Y:
- compared to Y

39
Q

即使X, subject 也 Y

算是X, subject 也 Y

A
  • even if X, subject will do Y

- first one is more formal

40
Q

就是X也Y

就算X也Y

A
  • even if X, then Y
41
Q

任何 + Noun + 都 + negation

A
  • there is not a single noun that ….
42
Q

再也 + negation X 了

A
  • never do X again
43
Q

不是不Verb

A

isn’t it the case that Verb

44
Q

由 X Verb

A
  • be verbed by X

- by X verbed

45
Q

何必。。。（呢）

A

there is no need, why

- marks a rhetorical question

46
Q

可 + negation

並 + negation

A

really not, certainly not, not at all

47
Q

倒（是）

A

but, on the contrary, then again

48
Q

X 分之 Y

A

Y out of X

- used for fractions and percentages

49
Q

整 + MW +Noun

全 + Noun

A
  • the whole noun

- the entire noun

50
Q

一 adj 一 adj

A

one is adj, and one is adj

- the adj are often monosyllabic and contrastive

51
Q

越X越Y

A

the more X, the more Y

52
Q

任何

A

any, whatever

- can be followed by: 的 Noun

53
Q

X 的中文怎麽説

A

how do i say X in Chinese?

54
Q

verb 起來

A
  • seems like Verb
  • looks like Verb
  • Verb like…
55
Q

X 跟/和 Y 差不多（一樣）

A

X is about the same as Y

- marks similarity or approximation

56
Q

寧願 X 也不願 Y

寧可 X 也不願 Y

A

would rather X, than Y

- expresses preference, but neither is ideal

57
Q

像 X 一樣

A

like X, similar to X

58
Q

X 比 Y adjective
X 比 Y 更 adjective
X 比 Y adjective 得多/多了
X 和/跟 Y 一樣 adjective

A
  • X is [adjective] than Y
  • X is even [adjective] than Y
  • X is very [adjective] than Y
  • X and Y are the same [adjective]
59
Q

不知（道）+ question

A

i/one wonder(s) if

- makes a question less direct and more impersonal

60
Q

adj + 得不得了

A

extremely adj

61
Q

請你再 X 一次

A

please do X again

62
Q

adj + 得要命

A

terribly/extremely adj

63
Q

如果 X 的話 Y

要是 X 的話 Y

A

if X, then Y

64
Q

表面上 X，實際上 Y

A

on the surface X, but in reality Y

65
Q

因為 X 所以 Y

既然 X 就 Y

A

since X, therefore Y

- first one is objective and the second more emotional

66
Q

好是好

A

you admit something is good, but you want to clarify something

67
Q

Verb 上

A
  • succeed in verbing

- verb into (literal or figurative)

68
Q

本來 X 結果 Y

A

originally X, but in the end Y

69
Q

Verb 來 Verb 去

A

continuous action

70
Q

一方面 X,（另）一方面 Y

A
  • on the one hand X, one the other hand Y

- while X, also/furthermore Y

71
Q

X 而不 Y

A

X but not Y

72
Q

又 X 又 Y

既 X 又 Y

A

both X and Y

  • X and Y have to be either both be positive or both be negative and have the same amount of syllables
  • the second one is more formal
73
Q

the basic complements:

見，到，完，錯

A

the basic complements:

  • you register and received the information
  • you finished/completed the verb
  • the action had arrived at the goal that you aimed for
  • the result of the verb is a mistake or the verb is done by mistake
74
Q

adj 地說

A

saying something in an [adj] way

75
Q

辛虧 X 要不然 Y
辛好 X 要不然 Y
還好 X 要不然 Y

A

fortunately X, otherwise Y

- the last one is colloquial

76
Q

adj 的是

A

the [adj] thing is

- emphasizes the adjective

77
Q

受（到）X（的）verb

A

be verbed by X

78
Q

所有的 X

完全的 X

A

all X

79
Q

在 X 上

A
  • on X
  • when it comes to X
  • in the case of X
80
Q

X 比不上 Y

A

X cannot compare to Y, X be no match for Y

- does not mean it’s impossible to compare X and Y, but that Y is clearly better

81
Q

一 X, 就

A

as soon as X

82
Q

MW + MW + 都

A

every single one

83
Q

由於 X（的關係）

A
  • owing to X
  • as a result of X
  • due to X
  • because (of) X
84
Q

因為 X 而 Y

A

to do Y in the circumstances of X

Mandarin Grammar (4 decks)

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