OSCE 3: Normal Cardiac/Vascular Lab Flashcards
What are the steps to the cardiovascular exam?
Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation
If you a patient presents “barrel chested,” what can that indicate?
COPD
What does pectus carinatum mean?
Pigeon chest
-sticking out
What does pectus excavatum mean?
Funnel chest
-sucking in
What is the point of maximal impulse?
A way to estimate location of apex/left border
-usually palpated near 4th-5th intercostal space in mid-clavicular line
Where are the four listening posts?
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A: Aortic Valve - right 2nd intercostal space at sternal border
P: Pulmonic Valve - left 2nd intercostal space at sternal border
T: Tricuspid Valve - left 4th intercostal space at sternal border
M: Mitral Valve - left 5th intercostal space at mid-clavicular line
How should carotid bruits be listened to?
Bell of diaphragm to check for bruits after palpating pulse
-ask patient to inhale and hold breath while listening
What is systole?
Ventricular contraction and ejection
What is diastole?
Ventricular relaxation and filling
What can cause systolic murmurs?
Aortic stenosis
Pulmonic stenosis
Mitral regurgitation
Tricuspid regurgitation
What can cause diastolic murmurs?
Aortic regurgitation
Pulmonic regurgitation
Mitral stenosis
Tricuspid stenosis
How is JVP measured?
1) Raise table to 30 deg and turn patient’s head away from side of inspection
2) Identify the right internal jugular pulsation at suprasternal notch, between attachments of SCM muscle on sternum and clavicle
3) Identify highest point of pulsation. Use a card and measure vertical distance above sternal angle where horizontal object crosses he rule and add 5 cm
What is the Allen’s test?
Evaluates functioning of radial and ulnar arteries
- occlude both arteries while patients make a fist
- have patient open and close fist
- release pressure on ulnar artery and observe for color return to hand w/in 5-10 seconds
