photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

where does the light dependent stage occur?

A

grana

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2
Q

where does the light independent stage happen

A

stroma

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3
Q

brief overview of light dependent stage

A

photolysis causes electron flow and produces reduced NADP, ATP and oxygen

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4
Q

brief overview of light independent stage

A

products of previous reaction used to produce sugars and other organic molcules

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5
Q

how are leaves adapted for photosynthesis

A
  • arranged to ovoid overlapping
  • waxy cuticle
  • tiny hairs to trap water
  • curl in to hold water
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6
Q

how are chloroplasts adapted for photosynthesis

A
  • thylakoid membranes provide large SA
  • thylakoid membranes organised not to shade each other
  • chloroplasts aligned so broad surface runs parallel to cell wall to maximise SA
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7
Q

how do leaf pigments allow plants to perform photosynthesis

A
  • pigments in higher plants absorb blue and red light
  • chlorophyll a participates directly in light reactions
  • chlorophyll b + carotenoids absorb wavelengths wavelength a cant
  • pass energy to chlorophyll a, broadening spectrum that can drive photosynthesis
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8
Q

what is phosphorylation

A

adding a phosphate

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9
Q

what happens in the light dependent stage

A
  • light moves from the chlorophyll to a higher energy state to the electron transport chain
  • electrons lose energy as they travel along this via a series of redox reactions
  • this energy is used to pump hydrogen ions into the thylakoid space
  • these ions travel through ATP synthase which synthesises ATP from ADP + Pi
  • photolysis happens in thylakoid space - splitting of water
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10
Q

explain what happens in the calvin cycle

A
  • RuBP reacts with co2 (catalysed by rubisco) to form an unstable 6C compound
  • this breaks down into 2 glycerate 3 phosphate (3C each)
  • reduced NADP broken down into NAD + hydrogen
  • ATP donates a phosphate (turns into ADP) and energy
  • hydrogen+phosphate+energy = 2 triosephosphate
  • 1 in 6 cycles then makes heroes sugar
  • ATP donates phosphate + energy again
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11
Q

how to work out Rf value

A

distance travelled by pigment
——————————————
distance travelled by solvent

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