Anaphylaxis

Question 1

Define anaphylaxis

Answer 1

Hypersensitive Allergic response to a stimulus. Can be single system - Hypotension, Bronchospasm or Angiodema alone, or systemic, involving two or more body systems Eg swelling and a rash, urticaria (hives)

Question 2

Signs and Symptoms of Anaphylaxis

Answer 2

Ingested - bites - contact - inhaled

Itching
Hives
Urticaria
Swelling
Tachycardia
Anxiety

Hypotension
Bronchospasm
Angiodema

Question 3

Pathophysiology of Anaphylaxis

1st response

Cell types and roles

2nd exposure

Answer 3

IgE mediated response,

1st response, immune system (T cells) recognise pathogen, then stimulate B cells to make antibodies.
B cells become mature Bmemory cells (Mast Cells) that fight infection
2nd exposure:
Is a hypersensitive response, resulting in mast cell degranulation and the release of mediators:
Histamine
Leukotrienes
Cytokines
Eicosanoids

Question 4

Anaphylaxis Mediator effects

Skin -4

Answer 4

Flushing
Urticaria
Angiodema
Itch

Question 5

Anaphylaxis Mediator effects

Respiratory -5

Answer 5

Cough
Wheeze
Dyspnoea
Bronchospasm
Hypoxia

Question 6

Anaphylaxis Mediator effects

Cardiovascular -5

Answer 6

Hypotension
Tachycardia
Vasodilation
Permeability
Syncope

Question 7

Anaphylaxis Mediator effects

Digestive -4
Upper respiratory -4

Answer 7

Nausea
Vomiting
Abdo Pain
Diarrhoea

Question 8

Anaphylaxis Mediator effects

Upper respiratory -4

Answer 8

Rhinorrhea
Sneezing
Angiodema
Strider

Question 9

Anaphylaxis Treatment

Mild to moderate

Answer 9

Airway
Breathing - Oxygenation
Circulation - Posture for blood pressure

Fexofenadine 180mg oral

Question 10

Anaphylaxis Treatment

What is severe?

Tx

Answer 10

Bronchospasm, Angioedema, Hypotension

IM Adrenaline 10microg/Kg to Max 500microg (both paeds and adults)

IV Saline 0.9% to maintain ADEQUATE BP

Consider clinical support

Question 11

In anaphylaxis, how often can i repeat ADR

Answer 11

5 min.