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Year 3 River Restoration > Biological Monitoring > Flashcards

Biological Monitoring Flashcards

1
Q

What does BMWP stand for

A

Biological Monitoring Working Parties score

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2
Q

Why do we do biological monitoring

A

to assess changes to the river characteristics that we cant see, temporally

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3
Q

What are the uses of biological monitoring

A

Used as an early warning system, detect pollutants hazardous to human health, track pollution dispersal

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4
Q

How can BM be used In determining physical channel changes

A

can indicate hydrological changes

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5
Q

Why do BM’s not give you one possible pollutant type

A

Biological organisms are affective by many types of pollution

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6
Q

How would you tell the pollutant type from BM

A

would need a professional identification skills, may also need chemical testing

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7
Q

What information about the biological indicator (plant/animal) must you know before you carry out BM

A

life cycles

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8
Q

What difficulties can you encounter from trying to find out BM

A

sampling difficulties

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9
Q

which BM show us temporal scales of days or weeks

A

bacteria, protozoa, diatoms

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10
Q

which BM show us temporal scales of months to years

A

invertebrates

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11
Q

which BM show us temporal scales of years

A

fish

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12
Q

what are the negatives of fish as BM

A

can migrate away from pollution

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13
Q

What are the benefits of using macrophytes as BM

A

species fixed to the bank or bed, good indicators of suspended solids

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14
Q

What are the benefits of using Macro-invertebrates as BM

A

Qualitative sampling easy and well documented, good taxonomic keys, whole communities can respond to change, normally quick cheap and easy

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15
Q

What are the benefits of using algae as BM

A

useful indicators of eutrophication and turbidity

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16
Q

What are the benefits of using fish as BM

A

methods well developed, can indicate food chain effects, ease of identification

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17
Q

What are the benefits of using bacteria as BM

A

rapid response to changes, ease of sampling, indicator of faecal pollution

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18
Q

what are the negatives of macro invertebrates as BM

A

knowledge of life cycles necessary to interpret absence of some species

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19
Q

what are the negatives of macrophytes as BM

A

response to pollution not well documented, often tolerant of intermittent pollution

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20
Q

What event led to the first need for management of sewage in uk

A

The great stink in 1858

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21
Q

what is the saprobic system

A

recognized zones of downstream organic sources

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22
Q

what conditions may generate initially after a pollution event

A

anoxic, leading to the production of methane or hydrogen sulphide

23
Q

what are the salt levels just after a point source pollution area

A

very high

24
Q

where are algae found after a point source

A

just after sewage fungus where there is good supply of nitrate

25
Q

what often dominates in the recovery zone

A

cladophore, known as blanket weed, can smother other plants, decaying algae reduces oxygen which can be good for downstream

26
Q

What invertebrates appear fist after pollution

A

tubificidae, red worms, densities can be up to 10 to the power of 6 per meter square

27
Q

why do tolerant insects thrive at jjust after a point source

A

abundance of food with no predators

28
Q

what is the Polysaprobic zone

A

extremely severe pollution

29
Q

what is the alpha mesosaprobic zone

A

severe pollution

30
Q

what is the beta mesosapropic zone

A

moderate pollution

31
Q

what is the ogliosaprobic zone

A

slight or no pollution

32
Q

what is the standard EA method of macoinvertebrate BM sampling

A

kick sampling

33
Q

what was the first reconised BM method

A

Trent Biotic Index

34
Q

how did the TBI work

A

absence/presence of speices, ranks species in terms of rarity and sensitivity

35
Q

what came after the TBI

A

extended TBI, no. of groups extended to 45

36
Q

what did chandlers index add to the TBI

A

abundance, present, few, common, abundant, very abundant

37
Q

what is the BMWP based on

A

families

38
Q

when did the EA stop using the BMWP

A

2017

39
Q

What is ASPT

A

average score per taxon, BMWP divided by taxon counted

40
Q

name some 10 sensitive BMWP species

A

Heptageniidae (MF), Leuctridae (SF)

41
Q

name some 8 sensitive BMWP species

A

Gomphidae (dragon fly) Astacide (cray Fish

42
Q

name some 1 sensitive BMWP species

A

Ogliocheata (worm)

43
Q

name some 5 sensitive BMWP species

A

Simulidae (Black fly larvae) Halipidae (water beatles)

44
Q

what is the index that is created from BMWP and ASPT

A

Lincoln Quality index

45
Q

what was the Lincoln quality index designed for

A

to help deal with heavily managed sites

46
Q

what is the current uk method

A

WHPT

47
Q

what are the features of WHPT

A

separates habitats (riffle, riffle/pool, pool), scores more representative as a whole and reflect general pollution not just organic

48
Q

what are the indicators of macroinvertebrate data

A

abundance, richness, diversity, BMWP, % dominant taxon

49
Q

how can u use macroinvertebrate information

A

in comparison with reference sites, (upstream, adjacent, regional,

50
Q

what is the system for invertebrate prediction used in the UK

A

RIVPACS

51
Q

what phytobenthos monitoring is there

A

mainly diatoms, sampled by stone washing, very sensitive, nutrient sensitivity scores

52
Q

what BM can be done with macrophytes

A

mapping, types, growth, cover, (river macrophyte nutrient index, river macrophyte hydraulic index

53
Q

what some low tolerance fish speices

A

salmon, grayling

54
Q

what are some high tolerance fish species

A

bream, eel

Year 3 River Restoration (11 decks)

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