primary succession Flashcards

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1
Q

succession

A

a directional change in a community over time

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2
Q

process of primary succession

A

bare rock, pioneer species, climax comm

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3
Q

deflected succession

A

when succession is prevented from running its course

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4
Q

sere

A

each complete stage of succession

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5
Q

example of primary succession

A

volcanic eruption

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6
Q

where does primary succession take place

A

on land with no soil and no living organisms

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7
Q

pioneer species

A

lichens and mosses

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8
Q

why is the biodiversity of climax comm higher than the pioneer comm

A

more nutients in soil
increased n of species
inc n niches
more food available for species

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9
Q

what happens when climax comm get water logged

A

lack of oygen to roots
climax species would die
plants tolerant to waterlogged soil would outcompete other plants

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10
Q

adaptations of pioneer species

A

ability to tolerate extreme conditions

mutualistic rel w/N fixing bacteria in their root nodules

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11
Q

what do plants change in every seral stage and why

A

abitoic conditions

land becomes more stable for the next plants to move in

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12
Q

why might BD decrease at climax

A

species domination

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13
Q

foods webs at climax comm

A

more complex

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14
Q

stage 1

A
pioneer species- lichens
grow in rock 
break rock 
release minerals
used to from soil
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15
Q

stage 2

A

pioneer species die and decompose- humus
as soil deepens more nutrient rich can retain more water
grass colonise areas
animals move in

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16
Q

humus

A

decomposed organic material in soil

17
Q

role of humus

A

supports growth in small annual plants/mosses

18
Q

stage 3

A

shrubs compete w/smaller plnts to become more dominant
BD increases
soil thickens
abiotic conditions get more favourble

19
Q

final stage

A

climax comm reached
stable state, little change over time
large trees move in- more dominant
species in comm depend on climate

20
Q

example of intermediate species

A

shrubs

21
Q

examples of climax communities

A

rainforest

alpine

22
Q

in which ecosystem can all stages of succession be seen at once

A

sand dunes

23
Q

exapmples of humans causing succession defection

A

weeding a garden

farm animals grazing a field