Diabetes

Question 1

What is the basal bolus treatment

Answer 1

Long acting insulin: 1/2 a day
Short acting insulin: 30 mins before meal

Basal : LA insulin
Bolus: SA insulin

Question 2

What can injection into the same site

Answer 2

Lipodystrophy- SC fat hardens

Tissue in this area will nor absorb insulin properly when injecting into this spot

Question 3

Complications of insulin imbalance

Answer 3

Hypoglycemia : tremor, sweating, irritability, pallor

Hyperglycemia

Question 4

How to manage hypo (mild- moderate)

Answer 4

RA glucose e.g. lucozade

Slow acting carbs e.g. toast for when the RA is used up

Question 5

How to manage severe hypo

Answer 5

IV dextrose

IM glucagon

Question 6

Hyperglycemia

Answer 6

Insulin dose increase

Fasting glucose> 7mmol/l
Random glucose> 11.0 mol/l
Hb1ac> 48mmol/m

Question 7

Long term damage

Answer 7

Endothelial cell of Blood vessel damage: more leaky, malfunctioning
Suppresses immune system: more infection

Question 8

Microvascular complications

Answer 8

CAD/ IHD

Peripheral vascular disease: ulcers, strokes, hypertension

Question 9

Microvascular complications

Answer 9

Peripheral neuropathy: feet numb
Retinopathy
Kidney disease: glomerulosclerosis

Question 10

Long term complications for infection

Answer 10

UTI
Pneumonia
Skin and soft tissue infection
oral and vaginal candiasis

Question 11

Monitoring of glucose

Answer 11

Hb1AC: glycated hemoglobin - glucose level of the last 3 months as RBCs life span is that.
Measured every 3-6 months

Capillary blood glucose levels