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Physics Paper 2 > Space > Flashcards

Space Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main objects in our Solar System?

A

Sun - 8 planets - dwarf planets - moons - asteroids - comets

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2
Q

What kind of object is the sun?

A

Star

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3
Q

What galaxy is our solar system in?

A

The Milky Way

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4
Q

What do all stars start off as?

A

Huge cloud of gas and dust called a nebula

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5
Q

Which force is responsible for forming a protostar from a nebula?

A

Gravity

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6
Q

What kind of reaction causes the expansion of a star?

A

Nuclear fusion

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7
Q

How does a main sequence star remain stable?

A

Fusion reactions produce outwards forces which balance the gravitational forces pulling it inwards

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8
Q

What determines the life cycle of a star?

A

Mass

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9
Q

What is the life cycle of a star with about the same mass as the sun?

A

Protostar - main sequence star - red giant - white dwarf - black dwarf

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10
Q

What is the life cycle of a star with much more mass than the sun?

A

Protostar - main sequence star - red supergiant - supernova - neutron star or black hole (if mass big enough)

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11
Q

How are naturally occurring elements formed?

A

From nuclear fusion during the life cycle of stars

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12
Q

Which elements are only produced in a supernova?

A

Elements heavier than iron

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13
Q

How are the elements distributed throughout the universe?

A

Massive stars going supernova (exploding)

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14
Q

How does the force of gravity make objects in orbit change their velocity but not their speed?

A

Gravity provides a centripetal force which keeps orbiting objects moving in a circle - they are constantly changing direction

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15
Q

To change the speed of an object in stable orbit, what factor must change?

A

Radius of the orbit

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16
Q

What is red-shift?

A

Wavelengths of light get longer if the light source is moving away from the observer

17
Q

What evidence suggests that the universe is expanding?

A

Light from more distant galaxies is more red-shifted, so more distant galaxies are moving away faster

18
Q

What is the name of the scientific theory for the origin of the universe that suggest it started off as an extremely small, hot, and dense region?

A

The Big Bang Theory

Physics Paper 2 (13 decks)

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