Notes Ch: 20 - Infection Control

Question 1

What are the six points of the chain of infection?

Answer 1

• Infectious agent
• Reservoir
• Portal of exit
• Mode of Transmission
• Portal of entry
• Host

Question 2

A reservoir is

Answer 2

a place where a pathogen can survive and multiply

Question 3

List some examples of portals of exit

Answer 3

• Skin and mucous membranes
• Respiratory, GI, Urinary, and Reproductive tracts
• Blood transfusions/contact

Question 4

Describe Vehicle contact.

Answer 4

• Contact with contaminated items
• ex. Water, Drugs, Solutions, Blood, Food

Question 5

Describe Vector contact.

Answer 5

• Acquired from animals and bugs such as a: misquito, louse, flea, tick, etc

Question 6

What is the contact category for measles, chickenpox (varicella), or tuberculosis?

What are the transmission precautions?

Answer 6

• Category = AIRBORNE
• Private Room
• negative pressure airflow w/ HEPA filtration
• PPE: mask or n95 respirator (pending condition)

Question 7

What is the contact category for diptheria, rubella, streptococcal pharyngitis, pneumonia, mumps, etc?

What are the transmission precautions?

Answer 7

• Category = Droplet
• Precautions = Private room or cohort patients
• PPE = mask or respirator (pending condition)

Question 8

What is the contact category for MRSA, herpes, scabies, etc?

What are the transmission precautions?

Answer 8

Category = Direct/Indirect Contact

Precautions

• Private room or cohort patients
• Gloves
• Gowns

Question 9

What are the precautions for those who require a protective environgment (are immunocomprimised)?

Answer 9

• Private room
• Positive airflow
• Hepa filtration
• Mask worn by patient when out of room

Question 10

What are the four stages of the

Infectious Process

Briefly describe each.

Answer 10

1. Incubation: Interval between entrance of pathogen into body and appearance of first symptoms
2. Prodromal: Symptoms go from specific to non-specific (most contagious stage)
3. Illness: Diagnosed and treated
4. Convalescence: Recovery time w/ full course of medication

Question 11

What is the normal range for WBCs?

Answer 11

5-10K

Question 12

Medical Asepsis is a _____ technique that _____ possibility of contamination.

Answer 12

clean, reduces

Question 13

Surgical Asepsis is a _____ technique that _____ possibility of contamination.

Answer 13

sterile, prevents

Question 14

Name and define the three types of HAIs?

Answer 14

1. Iatrogenic: from procedure
2. Exogenous: from microorganisms outside the individual
3. Endogenous: when the patient’s flora becomes altered and an overgrowth results

Question 15

What is the order of donning PPE?

Answer 15

• Cap
• Gown
• Mask
• Goggles
• Gloves

Question 16

What is the order of removing PPE?

Answer 16

• Gloves
• Goggles
• Gown
• Mask
• Cap

Question 17

What are the three Modes of Transmission

Answer 17

1. Contact
2. Vehicle
3. Vector

Question 18

What are the four methods of the Contact mode of transmission?

Answer 18

1. Direct
2. Indirect
3. Droplet
4. Airborne

Question 19

Define Direct Contact

Answer 19

Person-to-person physical contact between source and susceptible host

Question 20

Define Indirect Contact

Answer 20

Personal contact of susceptible host with contaminated inanimate object

Question 21

Define Droplet Contact

Answer 21

Large particles that travel up to 3 feet during coughing, sneezing, or talking and come in contact with susceptible host

Question 22

Define Airborne Contact

Answer 22

Droplet nuclei or residue or evaporated droplets suspended in air during coughing or sneezing or carried on dust particles

Question 23

What are some examples of airborne pathogens?

Answer 23

• Tuberculosis
• measles
• chickenpox

Question 24

What is an example of Droplet Contact

Answer 24

Influenza virus

Question 25

PPE for Contact precautions?

Answer 25

• Gloves
• Gown

Question 26

PPE for Droplet precautions?

Answer 26

• gown
• gloves
• mask

Question 27

PPE for Airborne precautions?

Answer 27

• Gown
• Gloves
• Respirator/N95 mask