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GIT Anatomy > Liver & gallbladder > Flashcards

Liver & gallbladder Flashcards

1
Q

4 unpaired accessory digestive organs

A

Liver

Gallbladder

Spleen

Pancreas

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2
Q

Is the liver intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal

What does the liver have low levels of

A

INTRAperitoneal

Connective tissue

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3
Q

Where is the liver located

A

RUQ

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4
Q

What is the liver a major producer of

A

Lymph

25-50% of lymph

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5
Q

What is the largest gland in the body

A

Liver

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6
Q

What does the liver synthesise

A
  • Bile
  • AAs
  • Gluconeogenesis
  • Cholesterol
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7
Q

What does the liver break down

A
  • TOXINS
  • Hormones
  • Drugs
  • Ammonia
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8
Q

What does the liver store

A

Glucose

Iron

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9
Q

Name the 4 anatomical lobes of the liver

What are these functional lobes based on

A
  1. Right lobe
  2. Left lobe
  3. Quadrate Lobe
  4. Caudal lobe

Based on blood supply - independent segments can undergo surgical resection

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10
Q

What is the porta hepatis

Where does the hepatic vein drain

A

“hilum” of liver where abdominal structures can enter or leave

Hepatic vein drains posteriorly to IVC - drains blood away from liver but does not pass through the porta hepatis

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11
Q

Lobes of liver - different views

A
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12
Q

Embryological diagram

A
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13
Q

What is the ligamentum venosum

A

Remnant of ductus venosus

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14
Q

What are the 3 components of the portal triad

A
  1. Common bile duct
  2. Hepatic artery proper
  3. Hepatic portal vein
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15
Q

Posterior surface of liver - arterial and venous supply

A
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16
Q

Where does the common hepatic artery branch from

A

Celiac trunk

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17
Q

When does the common hepatic artery become the hepatic artery proper

A

When the gastroduodenal artery branches off to travel inferiorly

18
Q

Where does the hepatic artery proper branch

A

At the PORTA HEPATIS to become the right and left hepatic arteries

19
Q

Where does the liver receive blood from

A

ARTERIAL

Hepatic arteries - 20-25%

VENOUS

Hepatic portal vein - 75-80%

20
Q

Where does the hepatic portal vein carry blood to and from

A

Carries all nutrients (carried in venous blood) from GIT directly to the liver

21
Q

What is special about the O2 content in the hepatic portal vein

A

Has a slightly higher O2 content than the venous blood in the systemic system

(Blood that has drained from the muscles in lower limb drains into IVC)

22
Q

When does the hepatic portal vein form

A

When the superior mesenteric and splenic veins unite

23
Q

Venous drainage of the liver

A

Hepatic vein drains blood away from liver and back to systemic system

24
Q

What do the central veins of the liver form

A

central veins of liver unite together and drain to form the left, right and middle hepatic veins respectively

25
Q

What helps to keep the liver in position

A

Relationship between hepatic veins and IVC helps to keep liver in position

  • in addition to ligaments of liver
26
Q

Summary of liver

A
27
Q

What does the gallbladder do

A

An organ that stores and concentrates bile

28
Q
  1. What is bile
  2. Where is it produced
A
  1. Bile is a yellow-brown/green fluid that aids in emulsification of fat
  2. Produced by liver - secreted by hepatocytes
29
Q

What is emulsification

A

Breakdown of large fat globules into smaller, uniformly distributed particles prior to being digested by specific enzymes

30
Q

What do the biliary ducts do

A

Convey bile from liver and deposit it into the GIT, specifically into 2nd part of duodenum

31
Q

What does the biliary system allow

A

BIle to be released intermittently and when needed

32
Q

Name the 3 parts of the gallbladder

A
  1. Fundus
  2. Body
  3. Neck
33
Q

What is the body of the gallbladder in contact with

A

1st part of duodenum

Visceral surface of the liver

34
Q

What is a special feature of the neck of the gallbladder

A
  • Narrow
  • Mucosa begins to twirl into a spiral fold which acts like a valve in the cystic duct - sometimes called The Spiral Valves of Heister
35
Q

What happens if the sphincter of the bile duct is closed

A

Bile can back up along the common bile duct, travel along the cystic duct and be stored in the bladder (up to 50ml - concentrated through the absorption of water and salts)

36
Q

Where does the cystic artery branch from

A

Right hepatic artery (variable)

37
Q

Where does the cystic artery travel

A

In the cystohepatic triangle - triangle of Calot

38
Q

Venous drainage of gallbladder

A

Cystic veins drain blood away from the gallbladder

39
Q

What is the gallbladder in direct contact with

A

Visceral (inferior) surface of the liver and is firmly adhered

40
Q

Where do most small veins from the body of the gallbladder pass

A

Directly into hepatic sinusoids within liver

41
Q

Where do most veins around the neck of the gallbladder drain into

A

Hepatic portal vein

42
Q

Summary of Gallbladder

A

GIT Anatomy (8 decks)

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