PPDAC

Question 1

Define sample

Answer 1

Sample: a subset of individuals/units from which data are collected

Question 2

Define variable

Answer 2

Variable: a characteristic that can take on different values for different individuals

Question 3

Define response and explanatory variable

Answer 3

• Response: measures the outcome of interest in a study
• Explanatory: explains the differences/influences changes in response variable

Question 4

Descriptive research goal

Answer 4

• Estimates the value of a population parameter

Question 5

Predictive research goal

Answer 5

• Predicting the value of a variable for units in the population (extrapolation)

Question 6

Causative research goal

Answer 6

• Understanding how a change in the value of an explanatory variable influences the value of a response variable

Question 7

Stages of PPDAC?

Answer 7

1. Problem: research question
2. Plan: sampling and study design
3. Data: summarizing data
4. Analysis: inferring
5. Conclusion

Question 8

Define parameter

Answer 8

Parameter: a number that summarises an attribute of a population (mean, median, proportion, min, max, SD, slope)

Question 9

Define statistic

Answer 9

Statistic: a number that summarises an attribute of a sample (mean, median, proportion, min, max, SD, slope)