1.2 Respiratory System Flashcards
What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli and capillary blood vessels
Alevoli - 100mmHg
Capillary blood vessels -40mmHg
What is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide at the alveoli and alveolar capillaries
Alveoli - 40 mmHg
Alveolar capillaries - 45mmHg
What is the partial pressure of oxygen in capillary membrane surrounding muscle and in the blood
40mmHg
100 mmHg
What is the partial pressure of co2 in the blood and in the tissues
Blood - 40mmHg
Tissues - 46 mmHg
What are the 3 controls involved in the regulation of pulmonary ventilation
Neural control
Chemical control
Hormonal control
What does the respiratory centre control and where is it
In the medulla oblongata
Controls the rate and depth of breathing using neural and chemical control
What does the inspiratory centre do
Responsible for inspiration and expiration
It sends out nerve impulses via the phrenic nerve to the inspiratory muscles to make them contract
How does teh respiratory centre respond to changes in blood chemistry
During exercise blood acidity increases due to the plasma conc of co2 and an increase in lactic acid
Changes are detected by chemoreceptors and they send signals to the inspiratory centre to increase ventilation
The respiratory centre does this by sending impulses down the phrenic nerve to stimulate more inspiratory muscles
What factors affect neural control
Proprioreceptors
Baroreceptors
Stretch receptors
What are proprioceptors
Sensory receptors located in the joints and muscles that provide feedback to the respiratory centre to increase in breathing
What are baroreceptors
Detect blood pressure in Aorta and carotid arteries
What are stretch receptors
Lungs are stretched
They prevent over inflation of the lungs by sending impulses to the expiratory centre and then down intercostal nerve to expiratory muscles
How does hormonal regulation take a part in pulmonary ventilation
Bristol before we start exercise the brain sends impules to the renal glands which respond and pump adrenaline into the blood in anticipation of a need for o2
As a result breathing rate increases
What negative effects does smoking have on our respiratory system
Causes irritation of the trachea and bronchi
Reduced lung function increasing breathlessness caused by swelling and narrowing of the lungs
How does cigarette smoke affect the breathing system
Damage cell lining of the thrash’s bronchi and bronchioles
Causeses excess muscle to build up in the lungs as the hair like cilia are not the few
