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Child Health > Sick Child > Flashcards

Sick Child Flashcards

1
Q

anatomical differences in children compared to adults

A
  • high anterior larynx and floppy epiglottis
  • flexible ribs (more difficult to break)
  • blood volume 80mls/kg
  • HbF physiological jaundice
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2
Q

common respiratory problems in a child

A

bronchiolitis
croup
asthma
pneumonia

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3
Q

causes of bronchiolitis (virus so viral causes)

A

RSV
adenovirus
rhinovirus

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4
Q

presentation of bronchiolitis

A 
cough
crackles (increased secretions)
poor feeding > poor growth
apnoea
secretions (wet mouth, etc.)
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5
Q

management of bronchiolitis

A

oxygen
NG tube
CPAP (caution)

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6
Q

define croup

A

larygnotracheobronchitis

patient’s are not too unwell despite airway narrowing

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7
Q

presentation of croup

A 
stridor (inspiratory whoop)
chest wall collapses on breathing in
snotty
cough
noisy chest sounds
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8
Q

causes of stridor

A

croup
epiglottitis (H. influenza B)
bacterial tacheitis
foreign body

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9
Q

diagnosis of croup

A

clinical

XR shows narrowed trachea and hypopharynx distension

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10
Q

management of croup

A

steroids

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11
Q

presentation of asthma

A

atopic with eczema, hayfever and food allergies

wheeze (consider episodic wheeze)

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12
Q

diagnosis of asthma

A

IgE

often given inhalers as spirometry and PF cannot be done until 7

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13
Q

causative organism for pneumonia in neonates

A

group B strep

can be viral

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14
Q

CNS problems in childhood

A

meningitis

encephalitis

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15
Q

presentation of encephalitis

A

focal seizures
focal weakness
personality change

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16
Q

meningitis presentation

A

non-blanching rash (tumblr test)
can have no rash
bacterial or viral

17
Q

diagnosis of CNS problems

A

lumbar puncture

imaging

18
Q

causes of fits and faints

A 
meningitis 
febrile seizures (only in children, reaction to temperature, grow out of it by 6)
vasovagal episode
reflex anoxic seizure
breath holding attacks
behavioural episodes
epilepsy
arrhythmias
19
Q

common GI/UG presentations

A

viral gastroenteritis
GI obstruction (pyloric stenosis, volvulus, intussusception and malrotation)
appendicitis (older children)
testicular torsion

20
Q

cardiac problems in childhood

A

congenital heart disease
arrhythmias (WPW= ablate when 4-5)
bacterial endocarditis

21
Q

management of ill child on admission

A

NPEWS
sepsis 6
ABCDE

Child Health (26 decks)

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