Lecture 2 - Small group processes

Question 1

defintion of a group

Answer 1

two or more people

interacting or influencin eachother

Question 2

dynamicness of groups

Answer 2

influence eachother’s performance, opinions and decisions

Question 3

three parameters of groups

Answer 3

hierarchical vs egalitarian
leaders vs follwers
valued vs non-valued members

Question 4

social facilitation

Answer 4

better performance when in groups

Question 5

Triplett

Answer 5

wheel rolling experiment on social faciliation

Question 6

social inhibition

Answer 6

performance gets worse in groups

Question 7

social facilitation vs inhibition

Answer 7

facilitates dominant response

when you’re already good at it you’re even better and vice versa

Question 8

pool experiment result

Answer 8

on social facilitation by spectators

Question 9

drive theory

Answer 9

presence -> arousal -> dominant response -> facilitation or inhibition

Question 10

Yerkes-Dodson law

Answer 10

there is always an optimal arousal level

the more difficult task is the lower the level is

Question 11

evaluation apprehension

Answer 11

we care about others judging us

Question 12

Worringham & Messick

Answer 12

men run faster when women are watching

Question 13

mere presence

Answer 13

others presence is sufficient to create arousal

Question 14

Zajonc

Answer 14

experiment showed mere presence and social faciliation/inhibition in cockroaches

Question 15

social loafing

Answer 15

trying less when in a group
because of lack of evalution apprehension,
diffusion of responsibility
prioritizing short-term interest of laziness

Question 16

five measures against social loafing

Answer 16

group is more cohesive
more competitive
individual performace monitored
goal more important
appealing/challenging tasks

Question 17

too-much-talent effect

Answer 17

perfomance of team decreases when they have too much talented players

Question 18

group polarization

Answer 18

individual opinions get more extreme

due to not hearing conflcting opinions, confirmation bias

Question 19

three characteristics of polarized beliefs

Answer 19

more confident
simpler
stimuli are categorized simpler

Question 20

Dunning-Krueger effect

Answer 20

the lower you score the more you overestimate your score

real experts know they know nothing

Question 21

interpersonal morality

Answer 21

goods should be distributed equally

Question 22

inter-group morality

Answer 22

more favoring the own group

more resources for own group

Question 23

leaders and guilt

Answer 23

the more guilt-prone the more unfair to other groups

Question 24

risky shift phenomenon

Answer 24

groups make riskier decisions than individual

Question 25

cautious shift

Answer 25

groups making less risky decisions

Question 26

six characteristics of group think

Answer 26

like a single organism
don't speak your mind
overestimating group morality and capability
conformity 
self-censoring
illusion of unnamity

Question 27

four factors creating group think

Answer 27

high cohesion
group isolation
no outside criticism
directive leader with clear vision

Question 28

minority influence

Answer 28

a minority changing something

Question 29

two problems for minority influence

Answer 29

needs bravery and self-confidence

minority-slowness

Question 30

task oriented leaders

Answer 30

who is best for the task

Question 31

social leaders

Answer 31

who has the best relations

Question 32

transfromational leaders

Answer 32

make their goals the group’s goals

Question 33

two aspects of leadership and three implications

Answer 33

power vs status
 = control vs prestige
more power-> less fair
more status -> more fair
worst comination: high power low status

Question 34

power corrupts when…

Answer 34

power is opportunity and not a responsibility

Question 35

three reasons for social loafing

Answer 35

because of lack of evalution apprehension,
diffusion of responsibility
prioritizing short-term interest of laziness