White Cells Online Module Flashcards

1
Q

What is the life span of a neutrophil?

A

6-10 hours

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2
Q

What is the role of a neutrophil?

A

Phagocytosis
Chemoattraction
Utilise complement system and immunoglobulin system

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3
Q

What does the presence of immature neutrophils (myelocytes) suggest?

A

Bone marrow stress
Damage to marrow architecture to allow them to exit the marrow prematurely
LEFT shift on a blood film

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4
Q

Are all neutrophils in the circulation circulating?

A

No; a proportion will adhere to vessel walls in a reversible attachment process using adhesion molecules

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5
Q

Is the marginating pool of neutrophils measured on a blood count?

A

No

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6
Q

Why will steroids result in a neutrophilia?

A

Reduce the process of margination and so therefore there is a pseudo neutrophilia as more are circulating

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7
Q

What can cause a neutrophilia?

A
Inflammation 
Acute haemorrhage
Neoplasia
Tissue necrosis
Bacterial infections; esp pygenic
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8
Q

What can cause an eosinophilia?

A
Asthma 
Helminthic infection 
Severe eczema 
Allergic reactions 
Hodgkin's lymphoma, T cell lymphomas 
Pulmonary syndrome; eGPA
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9
Q

What can cause a basophilia?

A

Polycythaemia rubra vera

Chronic myeloid leukaemia

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10
Q

Can you see the nucleus in basophila?

A

Tends to be obscured by dense blue/ black granules

Rich in histamine and heparin

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11
Q

What can cause increased serum levels of mast cell tryptase?

A
Systemic mastocytosis (malignant proliferation of mast cells)
Recent anaphylactic reaction
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12
Q

What can cause a monocytosis?

A

Chronic bacterial infection
Malignancy; CML
Connective tissue disease; SLE and RA

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13
Q

For how long will monocytes circulate?

A

1-2 days

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14
Q

Where will lymphocytes arise and develop?

A

Arise; bone marrow
Develop in primary lymphoid organs; bone marrow and thymus
Immune responses occur in secondary lymphoid organs (lymph node, spleen, mucosal lymphoid of gut and resp tract)

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15
Q

What can cause a lymphocytosis?

A

Response to infection
Malignancy
Hyposplenism

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16
Q

What will EBV infection look like on a film?

A

Activated T cells

Abundant blue cytoplasm wrapping around neighbouring red cells

17
Q

What infections can cause a similar appearance to EBV on the blood film?

A

HIV
CMV
Viral hepatitis
Toxoplasma

18
Q

What does IgM suggest?

A

Recent infection

With IgG conferring a past infection