ADHD

Question 1

What is the epidemiology of ADHD?

Answer 1

• Hx of parents with ADHD
• Hx of siblings with ADHD
• More prevalent in boys than girls
• Sxs usually present by age 3

Question 2

What is the etiology of ADHD?

Answer 2

• Genetic
• Prenatal toxic exposures
• Prematurity
• Prenatal mechanical insult to the fetal nervous system
• Food additives, coloring, preservatives and sugar contribute to hyperactive behavior

Question 3

What are the core sxs/specifiers of ADHD?

Answer 3

• Inattention

- Hyperactivity/Impulsivity

Question 4

What is the criteria of the combined specifier of ADHD?

Answer 4

If enough sxs are both criteria inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity were present for the past 6 mos

Question 5

What is the criteria of the predominantly inattentive presentation specifier of ADHD?

Answer 5

If enough sxs of inattention, but not hyperactivity-impulsivity, were present for the past 6 mos

Question 6

What is the criteria of the predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation specifier of ADHD?

Answer 6

If enough sxs of hyperactivity-impulsivity but no inattention were present for the past 6 mos

Question 7

What is the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ADHD?

Answer 7

A persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development

Question 8

What is the diagnostic criteria for inattention?

Answer 8

• Six (or more) symptoms
• Persisted for at least 6 months to a degree that is inconsistent with developmental level and that it negatively impacts social and academic/occupational activities

Question 9

What are some sxs of inattention?

Answer 9

• Fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes
• Difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities
• Does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
• Difficulty organizing tasks and activities
• Avoids to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort
• Loses things necessary for tasks or activities
• Easily distracted by extraneous stimuli
• Forgetful in daily activities

Question 10

What is the diagnostic criteria for hyperactivity and impulsivity?

Answer 10

Six (or more) symptoms have persisted for at least 6 months to a degree that is inconsistent with developmental level and that negatively impacts directly on social and academic/ occupational activities
- For older adolescents and adults (age 1 7 and older), at least five symptoms are required.

Question 11

What are some sxs of hyperactivity and impulsivity?

Answer 11

• Fidgets w/ or taps hands or feet, squirms in seat.
• Leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected.
• Runs or climbs in things where it is inappropriate.
• Unable to play or engage in leisure activities quietly.
• Talks excessively.
• Blurts out an answer before finishing a question
• Difficulty waiting his/her turn
• Interrupts or intrudes on others

Question 12

Several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms are said to be present prior to what age and in how many settings?

Answer 12

• Prior to 12 years of age

- In two or more settings (ie, home, school, work)

Question 13

Clear evidence of what is needed to diagnose ADHD?

Answer 13

Clear evidence that the symptoms interfere with/or reduce the quality of:

• Social functioning
• Academic functioning
• Occupational functioning

Question 14

Why is non-pharmacological tx recommended prior to medications for ADHD?

Answer 14

Prevents effecting the development of the child

Question 15

What are some non-pharmacological tx options for ADHD?

Answer 15

• CBT
• Parent education
• Group therapy: aimed at both refining social skills, increasing self-esteem, and sense of success.

Question 16

What is the first line pharmacological tx for ADHD?

Answer 16

Stimulants

- Amphetamine (Adderall) or methylphenidate (Ritaline)

Question 17

What are the non-stimulant tx options for ADHD?

Answer 17

• Strattera
• Vyvanse
• Guanfacine