Osteoarthritis

Question 1

osteoarthritis commonly affects who

Answer 1

over 60s

Question 2

what causes osteoarthritis

Answer 2

usually no underlying cause

secondary causes include previous meniscal tears, previous fractures or cartilage injury

Question 3

which joints are commonly affected in OA

Answer 3

weight bearing joints - hips, knees, MTP and first MCP

Question 4

how does the pain present in OA

Answer 4

pain and crepitus worsening on activity relieved by rest

morning stiffness <30 mins

Question 5

describe the types of swellings and cysts found with OA

Answer 5

heberdens nodules - found on DIPs
bouchards nodules - found on PIPs
bakers cyst - excess fluid causing swelling in popliteal fossa

Question 6

describe the findings of OA on x-ray

Answer 6

remember LOSS
loss of joint space 
osteophytes (bony projection)
subchondral cysts 
sclerosis/hardening

Question 7

describe the management of OA

Answer 7

strengthen muscles through exercise and physio
NSAIDs
intra-articular steroid injections for extreme pain
hip and knee replacement possible