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GIGU and Repro > Perineum > Flashcards

Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the anterior, posterior and lateral boundaries (2) of the Perineum?

A

Anterior: Pubic symphysis

Posterior: Coccyx

Lateral Boundaries: Ischiopubic rami and Sacrotuberus Ligament

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2
Q

The imaginary line between ischial tuberosities divides the diamond shaped perineum into 2 triangles. What are the names of those triangles?

A

Urogenital Triangle: pubic symphysis and ischiopubic rami

Anal Triangle: coccyx and sacrotuberous ligament

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3
Q

What are the contents of the Anal Triangle?

A

Anal Canal

Ischiorectal Fossae

Pudendal canal

Inferior Rectal vessels

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4
Q

The posteriorinferior orientation of the anal canal is due to what muscle?

A. Puborectalis

B. Pubocentralis

C. Levator Ani

D. All of the above

A

Puborectalis

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5
Q

At the junction of the anal valves and anal sinuses is what structure that delineates area supplied by visceral vs somatic nerves?

A

Pectineal Line

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6
Q

Which of the following is the source of innervation for the area below the pectineate line?

A. Visceral afferents

B. Visceral efferents

C. Somatic afferents (S4) inferior rectal nerves

D. Somatic afferents (S4) superior rectal nerves

A

Somatic afferents (S4) inferior rectal nerves

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7
Q

Which of the following is found in the proximal half of the anal canal?

A. Internal Rectal venous plexus that drains into internal pudendal veins

B. Internal Rectal venous plexus that drains into hepatic portal system

C. External Rectal venous plexus that drains into internal pudendal veins

D. External Rectal Venous plexus that drains into hepatic portal system

A

Internal Rectal venous plexus that drains into hepatic portal system

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8
Q

Which of the following is found in the distal half of the anal canal?

A. Internal Rectal venous plexus that drains into internal pudendal veins

B. Internal Rectal venous plexus that drains into hepatic portal system

C. External Rectal venous plexus that drains into internal pudendal veins

D. External Rectal Venous plexus that drains into hepatic portal system

A

External Rectal venous plexus that drains into internal pudendal veins

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9
Q

The internal anal sphincter is supplied by what?

A. Inferior Rectal N. (S4) a branch of pudendal N.

B. External Rectal N. (S4) a branch of pudendal N.

C. Pelvic Splanchnic N. (S2-S4)

D. None of the above

A

Pelvic Splanchnic N. (S2-S4)

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10
Q

The external anal sphincter is supplied by what?

A. Inferior Rectal N. (S4) a branch of pudendal N.

B. External Rectal N. (S4) a branch of pudendal N.

C. Pelvic Splanchnic N. (S2-S4)

D. None of the above

A

Inferior Rectal N. (S4) a branch of pudendal N.

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11
Q

Which of the following ligaments is attached posteriorly to the external anal sphincter?

A. Sacrotuberous L.

B. Sacrospinous L.

C. Anococcygeal L.

A

Anococcygeal L.

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12
Q

What is the name of the bilateral, wedge-shaped space that’s found on either side of the anal canal?

In general what is this space filled with?

A

Ischorectal fossa

Neurovasculature and Fat

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13
Q

Which of the following are the lateral boundaries of the Ischiorectal fossae?

A. Skin of perineum

B. Levator ani and external anal sphincter

C. Obturator Internus and Ischium

A

Obturator Internus and Ischium

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14
Q

Which of the following make up the superomedial wall of the Ischiorectal fossae?

A. Skin of perineum

B. Levator ani and external anal sphincter

C. Obturator Internus and Ischium

A

Levator ani and external anal sphincter

NOTE: the base of the ischiorectal fossae is the skin of the perineum

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15
Q

T/F: Distention of the anal canal when defecating is made possible becuase the ischiorectal fossa is filled with fat, and no vital organs are near

A

True

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16
Q

On the lateral walls of the ischiorectal fossa (obterator internus and ischium) you can find what canal?

What are the contents (3) of the Pudendal Canal?

A

Pudendal Canal

Pudendal N., Internal Pudendal N., Internal Pudendal V.

17
Q

What neurovascular bundle travels through the ischiorectal fossa on its way FROM the pudendal canal TO the anorectal canal?

What does this bundle supplu?

A

Inferior Rectal V./A./N.

External Anal Sphincter and skin

18
Q

The urogenital triangle is seperated into deep and superficial perineal spaces. Which one contains the urogenital diaphragm, the associated fascia and contents?

A

Deep Perineal Space

19
Q

The urogenital diaphragm is a continuous sheet of muscle that covers the gap between the ischiopubic rami. What structures are contained within the diaphragm(3)?

A
  1. Membranous urethra in males, and first part of the urethra in females
  2. Deep Perineal muscles
  3. Bulbourethral glands in males
20
Q

What 4 structures are found in the superficial perineal space, at the root of the penis?

A
  1. Right and Left Crura
  2. Bulb of penis
  3. Ischocavernosus M.
  4. Bulbospongiosus M.
21
Q

Which of the following muscles found in the superficial perineal space is responsible for helping to maintain an erection by compressing the vein that drains the corpus cavernosum?

A. Ischiocavernosus M.

B. Bulbospongiosus M.

A

Ischiocavernosus M.

NOTE: THe Bulbospongious M, compresses the urethra to help eject urine or semen

22
Q

What muscle is located on the UG diaphragms posterior border?

A. Bulbospongiosus M.

B. Superificial Transverse Pernieus M.

C. Ischiocavernosus M.

D. None of the above

A

Superificial Transverse Pernieus M.

23
Q

Which of the folloiwng structures that make up the shaft of the penis immediately surrounds the penile urethra?

A. Subcutaneous tissue (non fat)

B. Corpus Spongiosum

C. Corpus Cavernosum

D. Dorsal A/V/N of penis

A

Corpus Spongiosum

24
Q

What are the contents of the VEstible of the Vagina which are surrounded by the labia minora? (4)

A
  1. External Urethral orifice
  2. Vaginal orific
  3. Paraurethral glands orifices
  4. Greater Vestibular glands orifices
25
Q

Which of the following structures associated with the clitoris, is covered by ischiocavernosus muscles?

A. Bilateral crura

B. Bilateral corpora cavernosus

C. Body of Clitoris

D. Glans clitoris

A

Bilateral crura

26
Q

Which of the following is covered by the Bulbospongiosus (Bulbocavernosus) M., and is located just deep to the skin of the labia minora?

A. Bulbs of vestibule

B. Greater Vistibular (Bartholin’s glands)

C. Superficial Transverse Perineus M.

D. Paraurethral gland

A

Bulbs of vestibule

27
Q

Which of the following iproduces clear mucus in order to lubricate the vulva?

A. Bulbs of vestibule

B. Greater Vistibular (Bartholin’s glands)

C. Superficial Transverse Perineus M.

D. Paraurethral gland

A

Greater Vistibular (Bartholin’s glands)

28
Q

The perineum is get’s its blood supply from what 2 major vessels?

A

Internal Pudendal A.

External Pudendal A.

29
Q

What branch does the Internal Pudendal A. originate from?

What branch does the External Pudendal A. originate from?

A

Internal Pudendal: Internal Illiac A.

External Pudendal: Femoral A.

30
Q

What major vessel of the perineum sends deep and superficial branches to scrotum and penis or labia majora and clitoris?

A. Internal Pudendal A.

B. External Pudendal A.

A

External Pudendal A.

31
Q

What major vessel of the perineum passes through the greater and lesser sciatic foramen to enter the pudendal canal?

A. Internal Pudendal A.

B. External Pudendal A.

A

Internal Pudendal A.

32
Q

All of the following are branches off the Internal Pudendal A. What artery(s) supply the corpora cavernosa?

A. Inferior Rectal A.

B. PErineal As.

C. Dorsal and Deep A. of penis or clitoris

D. Artery of the Bulb Penis

A

Dorsal and Deep A. of penis or clitoris

33
Q

All of the following are branches off the Internal Pudendal A. What artery(s) supplies the posterior portion of the corpus spongiosum, urethra and bulbourethral galnds?

A. Inferior Rectal A.

B. PErineal As.

C. Dorsal and Deep A. of penis or clitoris

D. Artery of the Bulb Penis

A

Artery of the Bulb Penis

34
Q

Which of the following is contained within the Pudendal N.?

A. Preganglion parasympathetics

B. Somatic motor

C. Somatic sensory

D. Postganglionic sympathetics

E. All of the above

A

All of the above

35
Q

An episiotomy is a surgical incision between the vagina and anus to prevent the perineum from tearing during delivery. There are 4 types of episiotomies, but the most common is Mediolateral incision. What structures will the sciessors go through when performing a mediolateral incision?

A

Posterior vaginal wall

Bulbospongiosus M.

Superficial Transverse Perineus M.

Skin and associated fascia

36
Q

Look at the innervation pattern for the Pudendal N. within the Pernieum

A

Look at it again

37
Q

What nodes drain deep perineal space, proximal vagina, and proximal anal canal above the pectineate line?

What nodes drain superficial perineal space, distal vagina and anal canal below the pectineate line?

A

Internal Iliac Nodes

Superficial Inguinal Nodes

GIGU and Repro (35 decks)

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