Repro weeks 3 &4

Question 1

where does oedema tend to occur in pre eclampsia

Answer 1

hands and face

Question 2

when is screening for DS carried out

Answer 2

week 11-13+6

Question 3

what is the screening test for DS in 1st trimester

Answer 3

US for nuchal thickness

serum screening for HCG and PAPP-A

Question 4

what is the screening tests for DS in the second trimester

Answer 4

blood sample assay for HCG and AFP

Question 5

what HCG and AFP results would suggest DS was present

Answer 5

high HCG and low AFP

Question 6

what 2 diagnostic tests exist for downs syndrome and when are they carried out

Answer 6

amniocentesis (>15weeks)

chorionic villus sampling (>12weeks)

Question 7

what 3 hormones cause insulin resistance in pregnancy

Answer 7

growth hormone
placental CRH
human chorionic somammotrophin

Question 8

how does progesterone prepare for lactation

Answer 8

development of the lobule-alveolar system in the mammary tissue

(remember ‘LAP’ - Lobule-Alveolar Progesterone)

Question 9

what are the 2 main causes of reduced liquor

Answer 9

1. placental insufficiency causing embryo renal underperfusion
2. burst membranes

Question 10

what sign is seen on ultrasound that indicates dichorionic twins

Answer 10

lambda sign

Question 11

at what gestational age do you use US to see if there are multiple pregnancies and the pattern of membranes with twins

Answer 11

12-14 weeks

Question 12

how does oestrogen prepare you for lactation

Answer 12

causes development of the ductile system in mammary tissue

Question 13

describe the histological changes of HPV genital warts

Answer 13

condyloma acuminatum - papillomatous squamous epithelium with cytoplasmic vacuolation

Question 14

when is gestational diabetes diagnosed

Answer 14

28week OGTT

Question 15

what is koilocytosis

Answer 15

squamous epithelium that has undergone structural changes due to HPV infection

Question 16

what is the preinvasive phase of endocervical adenocarcinoma

Answer 16

CGIN

cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasm

Question 17

what are the 3 types of epithelial ovarian tumours

Answer 17

serous
clear cell
endometriod

Question 18

what are the 3 types of germ cell ovarian tumours

Answer 18

dysgerminoma (teratoma)
choriocarcinoma
yolk sac

Question 19

why do you check CEA in suspected ovarian cancer

Answer 19

if CEA is raised it suggests a GI origin of cancer

Question 20

which breast cancer is always ER +ive

Answer 20

lobular carcinoma in situ

Question 21

name 2 fetal indications for induction of labour

Answer 21

IUGR

macrosomnia

Question 22

which antibiotic should you give for cover in case of preterm rupture of membranes

Answer 22

erythromycin

Question 23

which antibiotic treats PID

Answer 23

azithromycin

Question 24

which fetal anomaly can lithium cause

Answer 24

Epstein’s anomonly (cardiac anomaly)

Question 25

what treatments are safe for UTI during pregnancy

Answer 25

1st trimester - nitrofurantoin/cephalexin

2nd &3rd trimester - trimethoprim/cephalexin

Question 26

what is the best anti-emetic to give in pregnancy

Answer 26

cyclizine

Question 27

which SSRI can be given to a women who is breastfeeding

Answer 27

sertraline

Question 28

when during pregnancy is a mother’s BP lowest

Answer 28

week 24 - due to the expansion of the uterus and placenta, causing reduced BP

Question 29

what scan can you do and when to predict pre eclampsia risk

Answer 29

MUAD 20-24 weeks

Question 30

what on MUAD indicates pre eclampsia risk

Answer 30

notching

Question 31

what makes eclampsia different from pre eclampsia

Answer 31

the presence of tonic clonic seizures

Question 32

at what gestation does BP start to increase again

Answer 32

22-24 weeks - due to compression of fetus on vena cava