diuretics

Question 1

Loop med

Answer 1

Furosemide (Lasix)
MOA: blocks Na, K, Cl reabsorption in LOH
Indications- hyperkalemia, hypercalcemia, & fluid overload
A/E: electrolyte imbalance (hypokalemia, hypocalemia, hypomagnesmia, increase bicarb= metabolic alkalosis), ototoxicity, hypovolemia

Question 2

Thiazide med

Answer 2

HydrochloroTHIAZIDE (Hydrodiuril)
MOA: blocks Na & Cl tranport in LOH
Less potent than loop
Indications- HTN, edema, kidney stones, HF
Contraindicated in renal patients
A/E: hypomagnesmia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, postural hypotsn, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, HYPERcalcemia

Question 3

Osmotic med

Answer 3

Mannitol (Osmitrol) - IV
MOA: increases renal tubular osmolality-> water, Na, K excretion
Indications- ICP, cerebral edema, prophylaxis for ARF
NOT used for peripheral edema
A/E: cellular dehydration, convulsions, thrombophlebitis, pulmonary congestion

Question 4

What is a normal osmolality?

Answer 4

275-295

Question 5

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (CAI) med

Answer 5

Acetazolamide (Diamox)
MOA: inhibits carbonic anhydrase -> reduces H+ secretion & HCO3 reabsorption -> reduces NaCl reabsorption
Indications- Glaucoma, drug overdose, metabolic alkalosis, edema secondary to HF
A/E: metabolic ACIDOSIS (unique to diuretics), hypokalemia

Question 6

Potassium Sparking Med

Answer 6

Spirinolactone (Aldactone)
MOA: competes with aldosterone in DCT & collecting duct. Holds onto K, gets rid of Na
Reduces hypokalemia effects of other non-K* sparing
A/E: HYPERkalemia, gynecomastia, amenorrhea

Question 7

If pt gains ___ lbs in 1 day, they should notify their doctor

Answer 7

2