Antibiotic resistance Flashcards
Define some basic Baterial structures?
Cell Wall Contains peptidoglycan (differentiates bacteria cells from mammalian cells)
Plasma membrane
Permeability barrier for molecules
Cytoplasm
Gel like substance enclosed within cell wall
Ribosomes
Site of biological protein synthesis
Plasmid
DNA molecule withina cell which is physically separated from a chromosomal DNA
Pili
Protein tubes extending out from outer membrane
Flagellum
Whip like structure outside cell wall responsible for movement
Name some membrane bound organelles within a mammalian cell?
Ribosomes Nucleus Lysosomes RER Mitochondrion Plasma Membrane Microvilli
Define some key differences between bacteria and mammalian cell?
Bacterial Cell Cell Wall Cell membrane No nuclear membrane (DNA) Ribosome(30s)(50s)
Mammalian Cell No Cell Wall Cell membrane Nuclear membrane (DNA) Ribosome(40s)(60s)
What are the requirements for the growth for bacteria?
Optimum temperature Optimum pH Atmosphere conditions - Anaerobic -Aerobic -Faculative
What are the 3 main groups of bacteria?
- Gram stained bacteria
- Acid- Fast bacilli
- Atypicals
What the difference between gram pos and gram neg
Gram postive
Has a thick peptidoglycan cell wall and retains its primary stain
Gram negative
Thin peptidoglycan cell wall and is protected by lipophilic outer cell membrane.
Define the cell shapes of bacteria
Coccus
Rods
Spirllium
Define a pathogenic microorganisms
Any microorganism capable of injuring its host by competent for metabolic resources and destroying resources.
What are some Injurious microorganisms.
Bacteria Mycobacteria Viruses Fungi protozoa Helminths
What are the portal entries into the body for pathogens.
Skin Respiratory tract Gastro-intestinal tract Urogential tract Conjuctiva
What organisms cause bacterial meningitis
Steptococcus pneumonia Neisseria Meningitidis Haemophilis influenza Streptococcus agalactiae Listeria Monocytogenes
What organisms cause otitis media
streptococcus pneumonia
Give examples of natural immunity methods
Physical and chemical barrier Inflammation
phagocytosis
complement system
Define the differences between active and passive immunity
Active immunity
Naturally acquired active immunity
Artificial acquired active immunity such as vaccination
Passive Immunity
Natural passive via mother breastmilk
Artificial passive immunity injected via a serum.
What is antibiotics
Substance produced from microorganisms synthetically produces that selectively destroys or inhibits growth of other microorganisms.
